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Cited by 80Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchDental Health and Care UtilizationOral and gingival health research

Supragingival Irrigation with 0.06% Chlorhexidine in Naturally Occurring Gingivitis I. 6 Month Clinical Observations

Flemmig, Thomas F., Newman, Michael G., Doherty, Frances M., Grossman, Eli, Meckel, Alfred H., Bakdash, M. Bashar·1990·Journal of Periodontology
DOI 10.1902/jop.1990.61.2.112
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Abstract

T he purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of supragingival irrigation with 0.06% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) on naturally occurring gingivitis. The relative benefit of CHX irrigation in comparison with CHX rinsing, water irrigation, and normal oral hygiene was evaluated. In a blind, placebo‐controlled 6‐month study 222 patients were assigned to one of four groups: Group 1: Once daily irrigation with 300 ml water followed by irrigation with 200 ml 0.06% Chlorhexidine gluconate (experimental); Group 2: Twice daily rinsing with 15 ml 0.12% Chlorhexidine (positive control); Group 3: Once daily irrigation with 500 ml water (irrigation control) and Group 4: Sodium fluoride dentifrice for normal oral hygiene only (negative control). All groups used the same sodium fluoride dentifrice for tooth brushing. At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months patients were examined for Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Plaque Index (PLI), Pocket probing depth (PD), Calculus Index (CI), and stain. After the baseline visit all patients received a supra‐ and subgingival oral prophylaxis. At 6 months GI and BOP were significantly (P≤0.05) reduced by adjunctive CHX irrigation (42.5% and 35.4%, respectively), CHX rinse (24.1% and 15.0%), and water irrigation (23.1% and 24.0%) compared to tooth brushing alone. Plaque was significantly (P≤0.05) reduced only by CHX irrigation (53.2%) and CHX rinse (43.3%) while calculus and staining were significantly (P≤0.05) increased in the two Chlorhexidine groups (276.4% (irrigation) and 273.2% (rinse)). Although significant (P≤0.05), pocket probing depth reduction was minimal after CHX irrigation (4.6%). This study demonstrated an enhanced effect of Chlorhexidine on gingivitis when used with this oral irrigator and treatment regimen. Irrigation with water had less than Chlorhexidine irrigation, but significant clinical benefits. Irrigation may increase the access of solutions beneath the gingival margin resulting in improved tissue health. J Periodontol 1990;61:112–117.

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  • Applying chlorhexidine by an oral irrigator seems to be more effective than water with regard to plaque and gingivitis.

    “Applying chlorhexidine by an oral irrigator seems to be more effective than water with regard to plaque and gingivitis.91,92”

    From Contemporary practices for mechanical oral hygiene to prevent periodontal disease. (2020) · cites this paper as [91]

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Authors
Flemmig, T. F., Newman, M. G., Doherty, F. M., Grossman, E., Meckel, A. H., & Bakdash, M. B.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • University of Minnesota (US)
Corresponding author
Flemmig, Thomas F.
ORCID
Newman, Michael G.
Venue
Journal of Periodontology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1990-02
Volume
61
Issue
2
Pages
112-117
ISSN
  • 0022-3492 (ISSN-L)
  • 1943-3670
DOI
10.1902/jop.1990.61.2.112
OpenAlex
W2033271976
Cited by
80
References
17
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 4
FWCI
6.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Journal of Periodontology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Oral and gingival health research
Keywords
chlorhexidine gluconate, gingivitis, chlorhexidine rinse, irrigation, oral hygiene, dental plaque, dental calculus, gingival bleeding, gingival index, probing depth, sodium fluoride dentifrice
MeSH terms
Adult, Chlorhexidine, Dental Calculus, Dental Plaque, Gingival Hemorrhage, Gingival Pocket, Gingivitis, Humans, Therapeutic Irrigation, Mouthwashes, Periodontal Index, Placebos, Sodium Fluoride, Time Factors, Toothbrushing, Toothpastes, Water, Single-Blind Method

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