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Cited by 87Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchOral and gingival health researchEstrogen and related hormone effects

Androgens Modulate Interleukin‐6 Production by Gingival Fibroblasts In Vitro

Gornstein, Russell A., Lapp, Carol A., Bustos‐Valdes, Sergio M., Zamorano, Pedro·1999·Journal of Periodontology
DOI 10.1902/jop.1999.70.6.604
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Abstract

Background: Pregnancy and puberty gingivitis have been attributed to increased concentrations of circulating sex hormones. This inflammatory gingival condition is accompanied by the local production of cytokines. The aims of this in vitro study were to assess, in the presence or absence of testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the production of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) by human gingival fibroblasts (hGF), and to evaluate the effects of flutamide (a common anti‐androgen) in this system. Methods: The effects of the androgens, T and DHT, on IL‐6 production were measured in vitro in serum‐free, phenol red‐free medium. Cells were incubated with or without androgens for 72 hours; the concentration of IL‐6 secreted into the medium after an additional 24‐hour challenge with IL‐1β plus hormones was estimated by radioimmunoassay. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to examine hGF and periodontal ligament cells (PDL) for the presence of androgen receptor. Results: In serum‐free medium, T and DHT at concentrations of 5 x 10‐8 to 10‐7 M significantly (P <0.05) inhibited IL‐6 production by hGF. Flutamide, up to concentrations of 2 x 10‐5 M, did not reverse this inhibition. The androgen receptor was identified in both hGF and PDL. Conclusions: We concluded that elevated levels of androgens, specifically testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, could affect the stromal cell response to an inflammatory challenge by downregulation of IL‐6 production. This in vitro study lends support to the hypothesis that increased hormones during pregnancy or puberty could modulate the development of localized inflammation. J Periodontol 1999;70:604‐609

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  • In cell culture studies testosterone reduces expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFa, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 in human vascular endothelium, monocytes, and fibroblasts.

    “In cell culture studies testosterone has been found to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFa, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 in human vascular endothelium, monocytes, and fibroblasts.[36][37][38][39]”

    From Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with angina improves ischaemic threshold and quality of life (2004) · cites this paper as [38]

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Authors
Gornstein, R. A., Lapp, C. A., Bustos‐Valdes, S. M., & Zamorano, P.
Affiliations
  • Augusta University (US)
  • University of Chile (CL)
Corresponding author
Lapp, Carol A.
ORCID
Zamorano, Pedro
Venue
Journal of Periodontology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1999-06
Volume
70
Issue
6
Pages
604-609
ISSN
  • 0022-3492 (ISSN-L)
  • 1943-3670
DOI
10.1902/jop.1999.70.6.604
OpenAlex
W2105697816
Cited by
87
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
FWCI
4.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Journal of Periodontology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r03de010391-02)
  • National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (DE10391)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Oral and gingival health research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Keywords
androgens, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, interleukin-6, gingival fibroblasts, periodontal ligament cells, androgen receptor, flutamide, androgen receptor antagonists, pregnancy gingivitis, IL-1β, cytokine production, sex hormones
MeSH terms
Androgen Antagonists, Androgens, Cells, Cultured, DNA, Female, Fibroblasts, Flutamide, Gingiva, Gingivitis, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Puberty, Dihydrotestosterone, Testosterone, Down-Regulation, Interleukin-6, Culture Media, Conditioned, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

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