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Cited by 217Periodontal Regeneration and TreatmentsDental Implant Techniques and OutcomesOral microbiology and periodontitis research

Surgical Crown Lengthening: Evaluation of the Biological Width

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Lanning, Sharon K., Waldrop, Thomas C., Gunsolley, John C., Maynard, J. Gary·2003·Journal of Periodontology
DOI 10.1902/jop.2003.74.4.468
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Abstract

Background: Previous surgical crown lengthening studies have investigated positional changes of the free gingival margin but not the biological width. Histological studies utilizing animal models have shown that postoperative crestal resorption allowed reestablishment of the biological width. However, very little work has been done in humans. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the positional changes of the periodontal tissues, particularly the biological width, following surgical crown lengthening in human subjects. Methods: Twenty‐three (23) patients who needed surgical crown lengthening to gain retention necessary for prosthetic treatment and/or to access caries, tooth fracture, or previous prosthetic margins entered the study. The following parameters were obtained from line angles of treated teeth (teeth requiring surgical crown lengthening) and adjacent teeth with adjacent and non‐adjacent sites: plaque and gingival indexes, free gingival margin, probing depth, attachment level, bone level, direct bone level, and biological width. During surgery, the bone level was reduced based on the future prosthetic margin and predetermined biological width; flaps were placed at the bony crest. Patients were examined at baseline and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results: Eighteen patients completed the study. Overall, the amount of bone resected was 1 to 5 mm. At 90% of treated sites, ≥3 mm of bone was removed. At 3 months, the apical displacement of the free gingival margin at non‐adjacent, adjacent, and treated sites was 2.46 ± 0.25 mm, 2.68 ± 0.20 mm, and 3.07 ± 0.16 mm, respectively. There was no significant change in the position of the free gingival margin from 3 to 6 months. The biological width at all sites was smaller at 3 and 6 months compared to baseline ( P <0.05) except for the treated sites, which were not significantly different from baseline at 6 months. Conclusions: During surgical crown lengthening, the bone level was lowered for placement of the prosthetic margin and reestablishment of the biological width. The biological width, at treated sites, was reestablished to its original vertical dimension by 6 months. In addition, a consistent 3 mm gain of coronal tooth structure was observed at the 3‐ and 6‐month examinations. J Periodontol 2003;74:468‐474.

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  1. Wilderman MN, Pennel BM, King K, Barron JM. Histo- genesis of repair following osseous resection. J Perio- dontol 1970;41:551-565.

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Authors
Lanning, S. K., Waldrop, T. C., Gunsolley, J. C., & Maynard, J. G.
Affiliations
  • Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
  • University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
Corresponding author
Lanning, Sharon K.
ORCID
Gunsolley, John C.
Venue
Journal of Periodontology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2003-04
Volume
74
Issue
4
Pages
468-474
ISSN
  • 0022-3492 (ISSN-L)
  • 1943-3670
DOI
10.1902/jop.2003.74.4.468
OpenAlex
W2104277308
Cited by
217
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
FWCI
2.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Journal of Periodontology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Keywords
surgical crown lengthening, biological width, free gingival margin, crestal bone resorption, periodontal tissue changes, gingival flap surgery, probing depth
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Alveolectomy, Analysis of Variance, Epithelial Attachment, Follow-Up Studies, Gingiva, Gingivectomy, Humans, Middle Aged, Periodontal Index, Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic, Surgical Flaps, Vertical Dimension, Crown Lengthening, Statistics, Nonparametric

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