The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Retrospective analysis of factors associated with serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 in patients with diabetes
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) plays multiple roles in pathophysiological processes of the human body. Previous studies have evidenced FGF-21 to be an inhibitor of vascular calcification through a variety of mechanisms. Increased levels of serum FGF-21 are known to be associated with an elevated risk of coronary heart disease; however, the factors affecting the expression of FGF-21 are currently unclear. This study aimed to observe the effects of some medications and other factors on serum FGF-21 levels in patients with diabetes. METHODS: Baseline characteristics of patients with diabetes, including body mass index (BMI), medication, level of exercise, and other information, were collected and analyzed, and their baseline levels of serum FGF-21 were tested. The relationship of serum FGF-21 levels with these characteristics was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 2118 patients were enrolled in the final analysis. Results revealed that the serum levels of FGF-21 in patients with a high BMI were elevated compared to those in patients with a normal or low BMI. Furthermore, the serum levels of FGF-21 in patients who engaged in regular exercise were higher than those in patients who exercised intermittently or not at all. No significant differences existed between patients who received different anti-diabetic drugs, or between patients treated with different antihyperlipidemic drugs. Also, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers had no obvious effects on serum levels of FGF-21 in patients with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Drugs used in the treatment of patients with diabetes have no significant effects on serum levels of FGF-21. Obese patients had higher serum levels of FGF-21 than did non-obese patients. Participating in sports might increase the levels of FGF-21 in patients with diabetes.
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“In obesity and type 2 diabetes, FGF21 resistance is common: circulating levels are elevated but receptor signaling is impaired, as documented in human studies [51,52,53].”
From Exercise-Induced Myokines in Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Protection: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [52]
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“Third, the phenomenon of myokine resistance—observed for irisin [42,43] and FGF21 [51,52] in obese and diabetic states—complicates interpretation, as elevated circulating levels may reflect target tissue insensitivity rather than enhanced function.”
From Exercise-Induced Myokines in Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Protection: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [52]
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Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Marso, S. P., Daniels, G. H., Brown-Frandsen, K., Kristensen, P., Mann, J. F. E., Nauck, M. A., Nissen, S. E., Pocock, S., Poulter, N. R., Ravn, L. S., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1603827 · Cited by 7,629 · cited 1×
“Certain drugs which have been proven by multiple large-scale clinical trials to reduce patient risk and improve prognosis have also been shown to decrease circulating FGF-21 levels in patients, including liraglutide and metformin (34,35).”
BackgroundReed, G. W., Rossi, J., & Cannon, C. P. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30677-8 · Cited by 1,614
Definition, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
Kerner, W., & Brückel, J. (2014) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0034-1366278 · Cited by 897
Definition, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
Petersmann, A., Müller‐Wieland, D., Müller, U., Landgraf, R., Nauck, M. A., Freckmann, G., Heinemann, L., & Schleicher, E. D. (2019) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-1018-9078 · Cited by 630
Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Individuals
Gulati, R., Behfar, A., Narula, J., Kanwar, A., Lerman, A., Cooper, L. T., & Singh, M. (2020) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.05.001 · Cited by 381
C-Reactive Protein Testing to Guide Antibiotic Prescribing for COPD Exacerbations
Butler, C., Gillespie, D., White, P. T., Bates, J., Lowe, R., Thomas‐Jones, E., Wootton, M., Hood, K., Phillips, R., Melbye, H., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1803185 · Cited by 278
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21—Metabolic Role in Mice and Men
Staiger, H., Keuper, M., Berti, L., Hrabě de Angelis, M., & Häring, H.-U. (2017) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2017-00016 · Cited by 270
Precision medicine in cardiology
Antman, E. M., & Loscalzo, J. (2016) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.101 · Cited by 258
Santaguida, P. L., Don-Wauchope, A., Oremus, M., McKelvie, R. S., Ali, U., Hill, S., Balion, C. M., Booth, R. A., Brown, J. A., Bustamam, A., et al. (2014) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-014-9442-y · Cited by 208
Myocardial Infarction—From Atherosclerosis to Thrombosis
Palasubramaniam, J., Wang, X., & Peter, K. (2019) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.119.312578 · Cited by 208
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Crudele, L., García‐Irigoyen, O., Cariello, M., Piglionica, M., Scialpi, N., Florio, M., Piazzolla, G., Suppressa, P., Sabbà, C., Gadaleta, R. M., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1159127 · Cited by 12
Molnár, Á., Szentpéteri, A., Lőrincz, H., Seres, I., Harangi, M., Balogh, Z., Kempler, P., Paragh, G., & Sztanek, F. (2022) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/j.rcm2305160 · Cited by 7
Zhang, Y., & Qiu, Y. (2026) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports14050212 · Cited by 3
“Third, the phenomenon of myokine resistance—observed for irisin [42,43] and FGF21 [51,52] in obese and diabetic states—complicates interpretation, as elevated circulating levels may reflect target tissue insensitivity rather than enhanced function.”
Negroiu, C. E., Riza, A., Streață, I., Tudorașcu, I., Bezna, C. M., Ungureanu, A., & Dănoiu, S. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46080501 · Cited by 3
Kalahasthi, R., Nagaraju, R., Balachandar, R., & Adepu, V. K. (2022) · Journal of Preventive Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies in Medicine · doi:10.4103/jpdtsm.jpdtsm_39_22 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Ren, F., Huang, J., Dai, T., & Gan, F.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Aerospace General Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Gan, Feng
- ORCID
- Gan, Feng
- Venue
- Annals of Palliative Medicine
- Publisher
- AME Publishing Company
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 3258-3266
- ISSN
- 2224-5820 (ISSN-L)
- 2224-5839
- OpenAlex
- W3145450863
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 0.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Annals of Palliative Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Keywords
- FGF21, diabetes mellitus, obesity, body mass index, physical activity, antidiabetic drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, vascular calcification
- MeSH terms
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Diabetes Mellitus, Fibroblast Growth Factors, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
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