Fibroblast Growth Factor 21—Metabolic Role in Mice and Men

Beige Adipocytes Are a Distinct Type of Thermogenic Fat Cell in Mouse and Human

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Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases

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FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator

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The Fibroblast Growth Factor signaling pathway

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Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future

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Endocrine Regulation of the Fasting Response by PPARα-Mediated Induction of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

Inagaki, T., Dutchak, P., Zhao, G., Ding, X., Gautron, L., Parameswara, V., Li, Y., Goetz, R., Mohammadi, M., Esser, V., et al. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.003 · Cited by 1,504 · see citing works

Hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Regulated by PPARα and Is a Key Mediator of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Ketotic States

Badman, M. K., Pissios, P., Kennedy, A. R., Koukos, G., Flier, J. S., & Maratos-Flier, E. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.002 · Cited by 1,495 · see citing works

FGF21 regulates PGC-1α and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis

Fisher, F. M., Kleiner, S., Douris, N., Fox, E. C., Mepani, R. J., Verdeguer, F., Wu, J., Kharitonenkov, A., Flier, J. S., Maratos-Flier, E., et al. (2012) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.177857.111 · Cited by 1,478 · see citing works

Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Receptor Specificity of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Family

Zhang, X., Ibrahimi, O. A., Olsen, S. K., Umemori, H., Mohammadi, M., & Ornitz, D. M. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m601252200 · Cited by 1,164 · see citing works

Fibroblast growth factor 21 reverses hepatic steatosis, increases energy expenditure, and improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice

Xu, J., Lloyd, D. J., Hale, C., Stanislaus, S., Chen, M., Sivits, G., Vonderfecht, S., Hecht, R., Li, Y.-S., Lindberg, R. A., et al. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-0392 · Cited by 1,151 · see citing works

Adipokines in health and disease

Fasshauer, M., & Blüher, M. (2015) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2015.04.014 · Cited by 1,050 · see citing works

Identification and characterization of metabolically benign obesity in humans

Stefan, N. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.15.1609 · Cited by 1,049 · see citing works

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Corrects Obesity in Mice

Coskun, T., Bina, H. A., Schneider, M. A., Dunbar, J. D., Hu, C. C., Chen, Y., Moller, D. E., & Kharitonenkov, A. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-0816 · Cited by 1,031 · see citing works

Serum FGF21 levels are increased in obesity and are independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in humans

Zhang, X., Yeung, D. C. Y., Karpisek, M., Stejskal, D., Zhou, Z.-G., Liu, F., Wong, R. L. C., Chow, W.-S., Tso, A. W. K., Lam, K. S. L., et al. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1476 · Cited by 908 · see citing works

The effects of LY2405319, an FGF21 analog, in obese human subjects with type 2 diabetes

Gaich, G., Chien, J. Y., Fu, H., Glass, L. C., Deeg, M. A., Holland, W. L., Kharitonenkov, A., Bumol, T., Schilske, H. K., & Moller, D. E. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.08.005 · Cited by 885 · see citing works

Identification of a novel FGF, FGF-21, preferentially expressed in the liver

Nishimura, T., Nakatake, Y., Konishi, M., & Itoh, N. (2000) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression · doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00067-1 · Cited by 847 · see citing works

Obesity Is a Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21)-Resistant State

Fisher, F. M., Chui, P. C., Antonellis, P. J., Bina, H. A., Kharitonenkov, A., Flier, J. S., & Maratos-Flier, E. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0193 · Cited by 830 · see citing works

Irisin and FGF21 are cold-induced endocrine activators of brown fat function in humans

Lee, P., Linderman, J. D., Smith, S., Brychta, R. J., Wang, J., Idelson, C., Perron, R. M., Werner, C. D., Phan, G. Q., Kammula, U. S., et al. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.017 · Cited by 802 · see citing works

Autophagy deficiency leads to protection from obesity and insulin resistance by inducing Fgf21 as a mitokine

Kim, K. H., Jeong, Y. T., Oh, H., Kim, S. H., Cho, J. M., Kim, Y.-N., Kim, S. S., Kim, D. H., Hur, K. Y., Kim, H. K., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3014 · Cited by 774 · see citing works

Tissue-specific Expression of βKlotho and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Receptor Isoforms Determines Metabolic Activity of FGF19 and FGF21

Kurosu, H., Choi, M., Ogawa, Y., Dickson, A. S., Goetz, R., Eliseenkova, A. V., Mohammadi, M., Rosenblatt, K. P., Kliewer, S. A., & Kuro-o, M. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m704165200 · Cited by 748 · see citing works

The metabolic state of diabetic monkeys is regulated by fibroblast growth factor-21

Kharitonenkov, A., Wroblewski, V. J., Koester, A., Chen, Y.-F., Clutinger, C. K., Tigno, X. T., Hansen, B. C., Shanafelt, A. B., & Etgen, G. J. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-1168 · Cited by 738 · see citing works

FGF21 induces PGC-1α and regulates carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism during the adaptive starvation response

Potthoff, M. J., Inagaki, T., Satapati, S., Ding, X., He, T., Goetz, R., Mohammadi, M., Finck, B. N., Mangelsdorf, D. J., Kliewer, S. A., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0904187106 · Cited by 704 · see citing works

Research Resource: Comprehensive Expression Atlas of the Fibroblast Growth Factor System in Adult Mouse

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Adiponectin mediates the metabolic effects of FGF21 on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in mice

Lin, Z., Tian, H., Lam, K. S. L., Lin, S., Hoo, R. C. L., Konishi, M., Itoh, N., Wang, Y., Bornstein, S. R., Xu, A., et al. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.04.005 · Cited by 691 · see citing works

Thermogenic Activation Induces FGF21 Expression and Release in Brown Adipose Tissue

Hondares, E., Iglesias, R., Giralt, A., Gonzalez, F. J., Giralt, M., Mampel, T., & Villarroya, F. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.215889 · Cited by 623 · see citing works

βKlotho is required for metabolic activity of fibroblast growth factor 21

Ogawa, Y., Kurosu, H., Yamamoto, M., Nandi, A., Rosenblatt, K. P., Goetz, R., Eliseenkova, A. V., Mohammadi, M., & Kuro-o, M. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0701600104 · Cited by 617 · see citing works

Adiponectin, the past two decades

Wang, Z. V., & Scherer, P. E. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjw011 · Cited by 609 · see citing works

Increased Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Dushay, J., Chui, P. C., Gopalakrishnan, G. S., Varela–Rey, M., Crawley, M., Fisher, F. M., Badman, M. K., Martinez–Chantar, M. L., & Maratos–Flier, E. (2010) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.054 · Cited by 607 · see citing works

FGF21 is an endocrine signal of protein restriction

Laeger, T., Henagan, T. M., Albarado, D. C., Redman, L. M., Bray, G. A., Noland, R. C., Münzberg, H., Hutson, S. M., Gettys, T. W., Schwartz, M. W., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci74915 · Cited by 593 · see citing works

Circulating FGF21 Is Liver Derived and Enhances Glucose Uptake During Refeeding and Overfeeding

Markan, K. R., Naber, M. C., Ameka, M. K., Anderegg, M. D., Mangelsdorf, D. J., Kliewer, S. A., Mohammadi, M., & Potthoff, M. J. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0595 · Cited by 590 · see citing works

FGF21 regulates metabolism and circadian behavior by acting on the nervous system

Bookout, A. L., de Groot, M. H. M., Owen, B. M., Lee, S., Gautron, L., Lawrence, H. L., Ding, X., Elmquist, J. K., Takahashi, J. S., Mangelsdorf, D. J., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3249 · Cited by 545 · see citing works

Molecular Insights into the Klotho-Dependent, Endocrine Mode of Action of Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Subfamily Members

Goetz, R., Beenken, A., Ibrahimi, O., Kalinina, J., Olsen, S., Eliseenkova, A. V., Xu, C.-F., Neubert, T., Zhang, F.-M., Linhardt, R., et al. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.02249-06 · Cited by 544 · see citing works

Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Regulates PPARγ Activity and the Antidiabetic Actions of Thiazolidinediones

Dutchak, P. A., Katafuchi, T., Bookout, A. L., Choi, J. H., Yu, R. T., Mangelsdorf, D. J., & Kliewer, S. A. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.11.062 · Cited by 537 · see citing works

Mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance: an update

Montgomery, M. K., & Turner, N. A. (2014) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-14-0092 · Cited by 530 · see citing works

Expression Atlas update—an integrated database of gene and protein expression in humans, animals and plants

Petryszak, R., Keays, M., Tang, A., Fonseca, N. A., Barrera, E., Burdett, T., Füllgrabe, A., Fuentes, A. M.-P., Jupp, S., Koskinen, S., et al. (2015) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1045 · Cited by 530 · see citing works

Causes and Metabolic Consequences of Fatty Liver

Stefan, N., Kantartzis, K., & Häring, H. (2008) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2008-0009 · Cited by 529 · see citing works

An FGF21-Adiponectin-Ceramide Axis Controls Energy Expenditure and Insulin Action in Mice

Holland, W., Adams, A., Brozinick, J., Bui, H., Miyauchi, Y., Kusminski, C., Bauer, S., Wade, M., Singhal, E., Cheng, C. C., et al. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.019 · Cited by 525 · see citing works

FGF21 acts centrally to induce sympathetic nerve activity, energy expenditure, and weight loss

Owen, B. M., Ding, X., Morgan, D. A., Coate, K. C., Bookout, A. L., Rahmouni, K., Kliewer, S. A., & Mangelsdorf, D. J. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.07.012 · Cited by 523 · see citing works

The Circulating Metabolic Regulator FGF21 Is Induced by Prolonged Fasting and PPARα Activation in Man

Gälman, C., Lundåsen, T., Kharitonenkov, A., Bina, H. A., Eriksson, M., Hafström, I., Dahlin, M., Åmark, P., Angelin, B., & Rudling, M. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.06.014 · Cited by 512 · see citing works

Oxidative stress, cardiolipin and mitochondrial dysfunction in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Paradies, G. (2014) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14205 · Cited by 508 · see citing works

The role of hepatokines in metabolism

Stefan, N., & Häring, H.-U. (2013) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.258 · Cited by 500 · see citing works

Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Improves Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Survival by Activation of Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase 1/2 and Akt Signaling Pathways

Wente, W., Efanov, A. M., Brenner, M. B., Kharitonenkov, A., Koster, A. M., Sandusky, G. E., Sewing, S., Treinies, I., Zitzer, H., & Gromada, J. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db05-1435 · Cited by 497 · see citing works

A long-acting FGF21 molecule, PF-05231023, decreases body weight and improves lipid profile in non-human primates and type 2 diabetic subjects

Talukdar, S., Zhou, Y., Li, D., Rossulek, M., Dong, J., Somayaji, V., Weng, Y., Clark, R., Lanba, A., Owen, B. M., et al. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.02.001 · Cited by 496 · see citing works

Decreased consumption of branched-chain amino acids improves metabolic health

Fontana, L., Cummings, N. E., Arriola Apelo, S. I., Neuman, J. C., Kasza, I., Schmidt, B. A., Cava, E., Spelta, F., Tosti, V., Syed, F. A., et al. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.092 · Cited by 466 · see citing works

FGF-21 as a biomarker for muscle-manifesting mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies: a diagnostic study

Suomalainen, A., Elo, J. M., Pietiläinen, K. H., Hakonen, A. H., Sevastianova, K., Korpela, M., Isohanni, P., Marjavaara, S. K., Tyni, T., Kiuru-Enari, S., et al. (2011) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(11)70155-7 · Cited by 427 · see citing works

Fibroblast growth factor 21 promotes bone loss by potentiating the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ

Wei, W., Dutchak, P. A., Wang, X., Ding, X., Wang, X., Bookout, A. L., Goetz, R., Mohammadi, M., Gerard, R. D., Dechow, P. C., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1200797109 · Cited by 426 · see citing works

Therapeutic potential of the endocrine fibroblast growth factors FGF19, FGF21 and FGF23

Degirolamo, C., Sabbà, C., & Moschetta, A. (2016) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2015.9 · Cited by 424 · see citing works

The starvation hormone, fibroblast growth factor-21, extends lifespan in mice

Zhang, Y., Xie, Y., Berglund, E. D., Coate, K. C., He, T. T., Katafuchi, T., Xiao, G., Potthoff, M. J., Wei, W., Wan, Y., et al. (2012) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.00065 · Cited by 420 · see citing works

FGF21 is an Akt‐regulated myokine

Izumiya, Y., Bina, H. A., Ouchi, N., Akasaki, Y., Kharitonenkov, A., & Walsh, K. (2008) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.10.021 · Cited by 415 · see citing works

Inhibition of Growth Hormone Signaling by the Fasting-Induced Hormone FGF21

Inagaki, T., Lin, V. Y., Goetz, R., Mohammadi, M., Mangelsdorf, D. J., & Kliewer, S. A. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.05.006 · Cited by 409 · see citing works

βKlotho Is Required for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Effects on Growth and Metabolism

Ding, X., Boney-Montoya, J., Owen, B. M., Bookout, A. L., Coate, K. C., Mangelsdorf, D. J., & Kliewer, S. A. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.08.002 · Cited by 403 · see citing works

Fibroblast growth factor 21 levels are increased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and are correlated with hepatic triglyceride

Li, H., Fang, Q., Gao, F., Fan, J., Zhou, J., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Pan, X., Bao, Y., Xiang, K., et al. (2010) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.05.018 · Cited by 400 · see citing works

Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Is Elevated in Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes and Correlates With Muscle and Hepatic Insulin Resistance

Chavez, A. O., Molina-Carrion, M., Abdul-Ghani, M. A., Folli, F., DeFronzo, R. A., & Tripathy, D. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0684 · Cited by 390 · see citing works

Hepatic FGF21 Expression Is Induced at Birth via PPARα in Response to Milk Intake and Contributes to Thermogenic Activation of Neonatal Brown Fat

Hondares, E., Rosell, M., Gonzalez, F. J., Giralt, M., Iglesias, R., & Villarroya, F. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.02.001 · Cited by 377 · see citing works

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21-Deficient Mice Demonstrate Impaired Adaptation to Ketosis

Badman, M. K., Koester, A., Flier, J. S., Kharitonenkov, A., & Maratos-Flier, E. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0532 · Cited by 362 · see citing works

PPARα is a key regulator of hepatic FGF21

Lundåsen, T., Hunt, M., Nilsson, L.-M., Sanyal, S., Angelin, B., Alexson, S., & Rudling, M. (2007) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.068 · Cited by 361 · see citing works

Exercise-induced myokines and their role in chronic diseases

Pedersen, B. K. (2011) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.02.010 · Cited by 358 · see citing works

Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates lipolysis in white adipose tissue but is not required for ketogenesis and triglyceride clearance in liver

Hotta, Y., Nakamura, H., Konishi, M., Murata, Y., Takagi, H., Matsumura, S., Inoue, K., Fushiki, T., & Itoh, N. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0119 · Cited by 352 · see citing works

FGF21 mediates endocrine control of simple sugar intake and sweet taste preference by the liver

von Holstein-Rathlou, S., BonDurant, L. D., Peltekian, L., Naber, M. C., Yin, T. C., Claflin, K. E., Urizar, A. I., Madsen, A. N., Ratner, C., Holst, B., et al. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.12.003 · Cited by 347 · see citing works

βKlotho Is Required for Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 21 Signaling through FGF Receptor (FGFR) 1c and FGFR3c

Suzuki, M., Uehara, Y., Motomura-Matsuzaka, K., Oki, J., Koyama, Y., Kimura, M., Asada, M., Komi-Kuramochi, A., Oka, S., & Toru, T. (2008) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2007-0313 · Cited by 345 · see citing works

FGF21 Regulates Sweet and Alcohol Preference

Talukdar, S., Owen, B. M., Song, P., Hernandez, G., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., Scott, W. T., Paratala, B., Turner, T., Smith, A., et al. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.12.008 · Cited by 342 · see citing works

Acute glucose-lowering and insulin-sensitizing action of FGF21 in insulin-resistant mouse models—association with liver and adipose tissue effects

Xu, J., Stanislaus, S., Chinookoswong, N., Lau, Y. Y., Hager, T., Patel, J., Ge, H., Weiszmann, J., Lu, S.-C., Graham, M., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00348.2009 · Cited by 340 · see citing works

FGF21 Regulates Metabolism Through Adipose-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms

BonDurant, L. D., Ameka, M., Naber, M. C., Markan, K. R., Idiga, S. O., Acevedo, M. R., Walsh, S. A., Ornitz, D. M., & Potthoff, M. J. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.03.005 · Cited by 330 · see citing works

FGF‐21/FGF‐21 receptor interaction and activation is determined by βKlotho

Kharitonenkov, A., Dunbar, J. D., Bina, H. A., Bright, S. W., Moyers, J. S., Zhang, C., Ding, L., Micanovic, R., Mehrbod, S. F., Knierman, M. D., et al. (2007) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.21357 · Cited by 329 · see citing works

Resveratrol improves insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial

Chen, S., Zhao, X., Ran, L., Wan, J., Wang, X., Qin, Y., Shu, F., Gao, Y., Yuan, L., Zhang, Q., et al. (2015) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2014.11.015 · Cited by 319 · see citing works

Molecular cloning and expression analyses of mouse βklotho, which encodes a novel Klotho family protein

Ito, S., Kinoshita, S., Shiraishi, N., Nakagawa, S., Sekine, S., Fujimori, T., & Nabeshima, Y. (2000) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00439-1 · Cited by 312 · see citing works

Mitochondrial myopathy induces a starvation-like response

Tyynismaa, H., Carroll, C. J., Raimundo, N., Ahola-Erkkilä, S., Wenz, T., Ruhanen, H., Guse, K., Hemminki, A., Peltola-Mjøsund, K. E., Tulkki, V., et al. (2010) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddq310 · Cited by 300 · see citing works

FGF21 maintains glucose homeostasis by mediating the cross talk between liver and brain during prolonged fasting

Liang, Q., Zhong, L., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Bornstein, S. R., Triggle, C. R., Ding, H., Lam, K. S. L., & Xu, A. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0541 · Cited by 299 · see citing works

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Controls Glycemia via Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Flux and Insulin Sensitivity

Berglund, E. D., Li, C. Y., Bina, H. A., Lynes, S. E., Michael, M. D., Shanafelt, A. B., Kharitonenkov, A., & Wasserman, D. H. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0221 · Cited by 297 · see citing works

Adipose Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Up-Regulated by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and Altered Metabolic States

Muise, E. S., Azzolina, B., Kuo, D. W., El-Sherbeini, M., Tan, Y., Yuan, X., Mu, J., Thompson, J. R., Berger, J. P., & Wong, K. K. (2008) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.108.044826 · Cited by 294 · see citing works

Acute Exercise Induces FGF21 Expression in Mice and in Healthy Humans

Kim, K. H., Kim, S. H., Min, Y.-K., Yang, H.-M., Lee, J.-B., & Lee, M.-S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063517 · Cited by 290 · see citing works

Hepatic SIRT1 Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis and Controls Energy Balance in Mice by Inducing Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

Li, Y., Wong, K., Giles, A. J., Jiang, J., Lee, J. W., Adams, A. C., Kharitonenkov, A., Yang, Q., Gao, B., Guarente, L., et al. (2013) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.059 · Cited by 281 · see citing works

The fasting polypeptide FGF21 can enter brain from blood

Hsuchou, H., Pan, W., & Kastin, A. J. (2007) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2007.10.007 · Cited by 280 · see citing works

Serum concentrations and tissue expression of a novel endocrine regulator fibroblast growth factor-21 in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity

Mraz, M., Bartlova, M., Lacinova, Z., Michalsky, D., Kasalicky, M., Haluzikova, D., Matoulek, M., Dostalova, I., Humenanska, V., & Haluzik, M. (2009) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03502.x · Cited by 279 · see citing works

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Prevents Atherosclerosis by Suppression of Hepatic Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-2 and Induction of Adiponectin in Mice

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The breadth of FGF21's metabolic actions are governed by FGFR1 in adipose tissue

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Brown Adipose Tissue Responds to Cold and Adrenergic Stimulation by Induction of FGF21

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FGF21 Lowers Plasma Triglycerides by Accelerating Lipoprotein Catabolism in White and Brown Adipose Tissues

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Adiponectin, driver or passenger on the road to insulin sensitivity?

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Activating transcription factor 4-dependent induction of FGF21 during amino acid deprivation

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Mediates Specific Glucagon Actions

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Impaired insulin action in the human brain: causes and metabolic consequences

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Interplay between FGF21 and insulin action in the liver regulates metabolism

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Methionine-Restricted C57BL/6J Mice Are Resistant to Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance but Have Low Bone Density

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<i>KLB</i> is associated with alcohol drinking, and its gene product β-Klotho is necessary for FGF21 regulation of alcohol preference

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FGF21 attenuates lipolysis in human adipocytes – A possible link to improved insulin sensitivity

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Fructose ingestion acutely stimulates circulating FGF21 levels in humans

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Mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic β cells

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Integrated Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism by Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) in Vivo

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Cellular Mechanisms by Which FGF21 Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Male Mice

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Genome-wide meta-analysis of observational studies shows common genetic variants associated with macronutrient intake

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Skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling drives endocrine cross-talk through the induction of FGF21 as a myokine

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FGF21 is a biomarker for mitochondrial translation and mtDNA maintenance disorders

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FGF21 Is a Sugar-Induced Hormone Associated with Sweet Intake and Preference in Humans

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Central Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Browns White Fat via Sympathetic Action in Male Mice

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FGF21 and the late adaptive response to starvation in humans

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Opposite alterations in FGF21 and FGF19 levels and disturbed expression of the receptor machinery for endocrine FGFs in obese patients

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Defining the Nutritional and Metabolic Context of FGF21 Using the Geometric Framework

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Treating Diabetes and Obesity with an FGF21-Mimetic Antibody Activating the βKlotho/FGFR1c Receptor Complex

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Effects of postbariatric surgery weight loss on adipokines and metabolic parameters: comparison of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy—a prospective randomized trial

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Pharmacologic Effects of FGF21 Are Independent of the “Browning” of White Adipose Tissue

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Visceral abdominal fat accumulation predicts the conversion of metabolically healthy obese subjects to an unhealthy phenotype

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Methionine restriction restores a younger metabolic phenotype in adult mice with alterations in fibroblast growth factor 21

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Hypothalamic Inflammation in the Control of Metabolic Function

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Inventing new medicines: The FGF21 story

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FGF21 as a Hepatokine, Adipokine, and Myokine in Metabolism and Diseases

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Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Is Induced in Human Skeletal Muscles by Hyperinsulinemia

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Increased serum FGF21 levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Novel locus including FGF21 is associated with dietary macronutrient intake

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Molecular determinants of FGF‐21 activity—synergy and cross‐talk with PPARγ signaling

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Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Levels Are Associated With Carotid Atherosclerosis Independent of Established Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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Circulating FGF-21 Levels in Normal Subjects and in Newly Diagnose Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Lack of Overt FGF21 Resistance in Two Mouse Models of Obesity and Insulin Resistance

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Regulated by the IRE1α-XBP1 Branch of the Unfolded Protein Response and Counteracts Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Hepatic Steatosis

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Induces Glucose Transporter-1 Expression through Activation of the Serum Response Factor/Ets-Like Protein-1 in Adipocytes

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FGF21 Requires βklotho to Act In Vivo

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High Plasma Level of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is an Independent Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Reduces the Severity of Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis in Mice

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Serum Levels of FGF-21 Are Increased in Coronary Heart Disease Patients and Are Independently Associated with Adverse Lipid Profile

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Exercise increases serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels

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Differential Specificity of Endocrine FGF19 and FGF21 to FGFR1 and FGFR4 in Complex with KLB

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Circadian Rhythm of Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Related to Diurnal Changes in Fatty Acids in Humans

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Rational Design of a Fibroblast Growth Factor 21-Based Clinical Candidate, LY2405319

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A critical role for ChREBP-mediated FGF21 secretion in hepatic fructose metabolism

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A liver-bone endocrine relay by IGFBP1 promotes osteoclastogenesis and mediates FGF21-induced bone resorption

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FGF21 Analogs of Sustained Action Enabled by Orthogonal Biosynthesis Demonstrate Enhanced Antidiabetic Pharmacology in Rodents

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Activation of the Farnesoid X Receptor Induces Hepatic Expression and Secretion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF-21) and Its Relation to Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis

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Free Fatty Acids Link Metabolism and Regulation of the Insulin-Sensitizing Fibroblast Growth Factor-21

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Fibroblast Activation Protein Cleaves and Inactivates Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

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Discrete Aspects of FGF21 In Vivo Pharmacology Do Not Require UCP1

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Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Induced by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists But Not Ketosis in Man

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Thermoneutral Housing Accelerates Metabolic Inflammation to Potentiate Atherosclerosis but Not Insulin Resistance

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FGF21 N‐ and C‐termini play different roles in receptor interaction and activation

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Effects of a three‐month combined exercise programme on fibroblast growth factor 21 and fetuin‐A levels and arterial stiffness in obese women

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Different roles of N‐ and C‐ termini in the functional activity of FGF21

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Once-weekly administration of a long-acting fibroblast growth factor 21 analogue modulates lipids, bone turnover markers, blood pressure and body weight differently in obese people with hypertriglyceridaemia and in non-human primates

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Mild Cold Exposure Modulates Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Diurnal Rhythm in Humans: Relationship between FGF21 Levels, Lipolysis, and Cold-Induced Thermogenesis

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Growth Hormone Induces Hepatic Production of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 through a Mechanism Dependent on Lipolysis in Adipocytes

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Thyroid Hormone Regulates Hepatic Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in a PPARα-dependent Manner

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FGF21 Promotes Metabolic Homeostasis via White Adipose and Leptin in Mice

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Phospholipid and cholesteryl ester transfer activities in plasma from 14 vertebrate species. Relation to atherogenesis susceptibility

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FGF21 Is an Exocrine Pancreas Secretagogue

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Additive relationship between serum fibroblast growth factor 21 level and coronary artery disease

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PGC-1α negatively regulates hepatic FGF21 expression by modulating the heme/Rev-Erbα axis

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Serum FGF21 levels are associated with brown adipose tissue activity in humans

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Alterations of Hormonally Active Fibroblast Growth Factors after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

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Elevated hepatic fatty acid oxidation, high plasma fibroblast growth factor 21, and fasting bile acids in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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Circulating FGF21 Levels Are Progressively Increased from the Early to End Stages of Chronic Kidney Diseases and Are Associated with Renal Function in Chinese

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Prolongevity hormone FGF21 protects against immune senescence by delaying age-related thymic involution

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Glucagon-to-insulin ratio is pivotal for splanchnic regulation of FGF-21 in humans

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FGF21 mediates the lipid metabolism response to amino acid starvation

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Circulating FGF21 proteolytic processing mediated by fibroblast activation protein

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Development of a Novel Long-Acting Antidiabetic FGF21 Mimetic by Targeted Conjugation to a Scaffold Antibody

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Fibroblast growth factor-21 enhances mitochondrial functions and increases the activity of PGC-1α in human dopaminergic neurons via Sirtuin-1

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Protects against High Fat Diet Induced Inflammation and Islet Hyperplasia in Pancreas

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Serum Levels of the Adipokine FGF21 Depend on Renal Function

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The link between fibroblast growth factor 21 and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c during lipogenesis in hepatocytes

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High Glucose Represses β-Klotho Expression and Impairs Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Action in Mouse Pancreatic Islets

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Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Associated with Adverse Lipid Profiles and γ-Glutamyltransferase But Not Insulin Sensitivity in Chinese Subjects

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Inhibition of lipolysis may contribute to the acute regulation of plasma FFA and glucose by FGF21 in ob/ob mice

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Regulation of FGF21 Expression and Secretion by Retinoic Acid Receptor-related Orphan Receptor α

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Exercise-induced secretion of FGF21 and follistatin are blocked by pancreatic clamp and impaired in type 2 diabetes

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Transcriptional Repressor E4-binding Protein 4 (E4BP4) Regulates Metabolic Hormone Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) during Circadian Cycles and Feeding

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Thyroid hormone reduces PCSK9 and stimulates bile acid synthesis in humans

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Glucocorticoids Regulate the Metabolic Hormone FGF21 in a Feed-Forward Loop

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Retinoic Acid Receptor β Stimulates Hepatic Induction of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 to Promote Fatty Acid Oxidation and Control Whole-body Energy Homeostasis in Mice

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Circadian expression of FGF21 is induced by PPARα activation in the mouse liver

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Skeletal muscle increases FGF21 expression in mitochondrial disorders to compensate for energy metabolic insufficiency by activating the mTOR–YY1–PGC1α pathway

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Impaired Mitochondrial Fat Oxidation Induces FGF21 in Muscle

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Lipotoxicity and steatohepatitis in an overfed mouse model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Protective effect of FGF21 on type 1 diabetes-induced testicular apoptotic cell death probably via both mitochondrial- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent pathways in the mouse model

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Genetic disruption of uncoupling protein 1 in mice renders brown adipose tissue a significant source of FGF21 secretion

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Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Predict Progressive Kidney Disease in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Normoalbuminuria

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Serum FGF 21 concentration is associated with hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and pericardial fat accumulation, independently of obesity, but not with current coronary artery status

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Evolution of the FGF Gene Family

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Long-Term Fenofibrate Therapy Increases Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Retinol-Binding Protein 4 in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

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Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor‐21 are increased in chronic and acute renal dysfunction

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Loss of fibroblast growth factor 21 action induces insulin resistance, pancreatic islet hyperplasia and dysfunction in mice

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FGF21-Mediated Improvements in Glucose Clearance Require Uncoupling Protein 1

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Ketogenic Diet Impairs FGF21 Signaling and Promotes Differential Inflammatory Responses in the Liver and White Adipose Tissue

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Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels are related to subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 is not required for the antidiabetic actions of the thiazoladinediones

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Plasma FGF21 displays a circadian rhythm during a 72‐h fast in healthy female volunteers

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 is elevated in metabolically unhealthy obesity and affects lipid deposition, adipogenesis, and adipokine secretion of human abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes

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Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies

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The Liver as an Endocrine Organ—Linking NAFLD and Insulin Resistance

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Dysregulated lipid metabolism links NAFLD to cardiovascular disease

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Beyond adiponectin and leptin: adipose tissue-derived mediators of inter-organ communication

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FGF21 as Modulator of Metabolism in Health and Disease

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The role of hepatokines in NAFLD

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FGF21–Sirtuin 3 Axis Confers the Protective Effects of Exercise Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Governing Mitochondrial Integrity

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 controls mitophagy and muscle mass

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Insulin action at a molecular level – 100 years of progress

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Therapeutic Landscape for NAFLD in 2020

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FGF Family: From Drug Development to Clinical Application

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Amino Acid Sensing in Metabolic Homeostasis and Health.

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Novel therapies with precision mechanisms for type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Adipose tissue browning in mice and humans

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Mitochondria as Players and Targets of Therapies?

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The Role of Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle Diseases

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 15/19: From Basic Functions to Therapeutic Perspectives

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) alleviates senescence, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation in osteoarthritis via the SIRT1-mTOR signaling pathway

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Tanycytes Regulate Lipid Homeostasis by Sensing Free Fatty Acids and Signaling to Key Hypothalamic Neuronal Populations via FGF21 Secretion

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FGF21 Protects the Blood–Brain Barrier by Upregulating PPARγ via FGFR1/β-klotho after Traumatic Brain Injury

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NAFLD in the Elderly

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Mapping the molecular signatures of diet-induced NASH and its regulation by the hepatokine Tsukushi

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FGF21, a liver hormone that inhibits alcohol intake in mice, increases in human circulation after acute alcohol ingestion and sustained binge drinking at Oktoberfest

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Modulation of the Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle System contributes to Neuroprotective action of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

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Genetic Code Expansion: Inception, Development, Commercialization

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The hepatokine Tsukushi gates energy expenditure via brown fat sympathetic innervation

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Pharmacologic Modulation of Bile Acid-FXR-FGF15/FGF19 Pathway for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

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Active Brown Adipose Tissue Is Associated With a Healthier Metabolic Phenotype in Obesity

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Skeletal Muscle and Bone – Emerging Targets of Fibroblast Growth Factor-21

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Role of exercise-induced hepatokines in metabolic disorders

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Circadian clock controls rhythms in ketogenesis by interfering with PPARα transcriptional network

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 in chronic kidney disease

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Lipid sensing by PPARα: Role in controlling hepatocyte gene regulatory networks and the metabolic response to fasting

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Attenuates Vascular Calcification by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediated Apoptosis in Rats

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Impact of Genes and Environment on Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease

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Muscle Loss in Chronic Liver Diseases: The Example of Nonalcoholic Liver Disease

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Reinterpreting Cardiorenal Protection of Renal Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors via Cellular Life History Programming

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β- cell dynamics in type 2 diabetes and in dietary and exercise interventions

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 coordinates adiponectin to mediate the beneficial effects of low-protein diet on primordial follicle reserve

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Stress increases in exopher-mediated neuronal extrusion require lipid biosynthesis, FGF, and EGF RAS/MAPK signaling

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Adverse bioeffect of perfluorooctanoic acid on liver metabolic function in mice

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Pemafibrate Prevents Retinal Pathological Neovascularization by Increasing FGF21 Level in a Murine Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Model

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Hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Involved in Mediating Functions of Liraglutide in Mice With Dietary Challenge

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Hepatokines and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Linking Liver Pathophysiology to Metabolism

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Hepatic hormone FGF21 and its analogues in clinical trials

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Pemafibrate Protects Against Retinal Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Diabetic Retinopathy

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Klotho at the Edge of Alzheimer’s Disease and Senile Depression

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Linking liver metabolic and vascular disease via bile acid signaling

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Delayed recanalization at 3 days after permanent MCAO attenuates neuronal apoptosis through FGF21/FGFR1/PI3K/Caspase-3 pathway in rats

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Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals Affecting the Liver: Screening, Testing, and Molecular Pathway Identification

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PPARα Agonist Oral Therapy in Diabetic Retinopathy

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Roles of Insect Oenocytes in Physiology and Their Relevance to Human Metabolic Diseases

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Liver-bone crosstalk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Clinical implications and underlying pathophysiology

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Cardiovascular and haematological pathology in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): A role for viruses

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Tanycytes in the infundibular nucleus and median eminence and their role in the blood–brain barrier

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Effects of Short-Term Fasting and Different Overfeeding Diets on Thyroid Hormones in Healthy Humans

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Liver Brain Interactions: Focus on FGF21 a Systematic Review

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Organoid-guided precision hepatology for metabolic liver disease

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A review of fibroblast growth factor 21 in diabetic cardiomyopathy

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Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomization study of fibroblast growth factor 21 reveals causal associations with hyperlipidemia and possibly NASH

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 in metabolic syndrome

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The Role of Interaction between Mitochondria and the Extracellular Matrix in the Development of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

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Reduced hepatic bradykinin degradation accounts for cold-induced BAT thermogenesis and WAT browning in male mice

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FGF21 Protects Against Hypoxia Injury Through Inducing HSP72 in Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells

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Hepatokines and MASLD: The GLP1-Ras-FGF21-Fetuin-A Crosstalk as a Therapeutic Target

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Targeting Drugs Against Fibroblast Growth Factor(s)-Induced Cell Signaling

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Bile acid activated receptors: Integrating immune and metabolic regulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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The Effect of Hyperlipidemia on the Course of Diabetic Retinopathy—Literature Review

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Long-Acting FGF21 Inhibits Retinal Vascular Leakage in In Vivo and In Vitro Models

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The identification of farnesoid X receptor modulators as treatment options for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 and bone homeostasis

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Pipeline of New Drug Treatment for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease

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Ketogenic Diet Enhances the Cholesterol Accumulation in Liver and Augments the Severity of CCl4 and TAA-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 is expressed and secreted from skeletal muscle following electrical stimulation via extracellular ATP activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

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The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Mediates the Counter-Regulatory Effects of Pelargonidins in Models of Inflammation and Metabolic Dysfunctions

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Converging vulnerability factors for compulsive food and drug use

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Crosstalk Communications Between Islets Cells and Insulin Target Tissue: The Hidden Face of Iceberg

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and sarcopenia: pathophysiological connections and therapeutic implications

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FGF21 Mimics a Fasting-Induced Metabolic State and Increases Appetite in Zebrafish

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Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Improves FGF21 and KLB Expression in Obese Mice

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Protocols for Mitochondria as the Target of Pharmacological Therapy in the Context of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

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KLF4 downregulates FGF21 to activate inflammatory injury and oxidative stress of LPS‑induced ATDC5 cells via SIRT1/NF‑κB/p53 signaling

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Function and treatment strategies of β-hydroxybutyrate in aging

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A spontaneous mitonuclear epistasis converging on Rieske Fe-S protein exacerbates complex III deficiency in mice

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FoxO1 suppresses Fgf21 during hepatic insulin resistance to impair peripheral glucose utilization and acute cold tolerance

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