The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Potential Impact of COVID-19–Related Racial Discrimination on the Health of Asian Americans
Open accessAbstract
Anti-Asian discrimination and assaults have increased significantly during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contributing to a “secondary contagion” of racism. The United States has a long and well-documented history of both interpersonal and structural anti-Asian discrimination, and the current pandemic reinforces longstanding negative stereotypes of this rapidly growing minority group as the “Yellow Peril.” We provide a general overview of the history of anti-Asian discrimination in the United States, review theoretical and empirical associations between discrimination and health, and describe the associated public health implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, citing relevant evidence from previous disasters in US history that became racialized. Although the literature suggests that COVID-19 will likely have significant negative effects on the health of Asian Americans and other vulnerable groups, there are reasons for optimism as well. These include the emergence of mechanisms for reporting and tracking incidents of racial bias, increased awareness of racism’s insidious harms and subsequent civic and political engagement by the Asian American community, and further research into resilience-promoting factors that can reduce the negative health effects of racism.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Meyer, I. H. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674 · Cited by 14,736
Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review.
Pascoe, E. A., & Smart Richman, L. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0016059 · Cited by 4,427 · cited 1×
“The experience of racial discrimination has been associated with worsened psychological and physical health outcomes, including increased pain and disability and higher all-cause mortality.(14) Among Asian Americans specifically, discrimination is a robust and consistent predictor of diminished wellbeing and increased…”
BackgroundDiscrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research
Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2009) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0 · Cited by 3,371
McEWEN, B. S., & SEEMAN, T. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08103.x · Cited by 1,824
Racism and Psychological and Emotional Injury: Recognizing and Assessing Race-Based Traumatic Stress
Carter, R. T. (2007) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000006292033 · Cited by 1,316
Racial microaggressions and the Asian American experience.
Sue, D. W., Bucceri, J., Lin, A. I., Nadal, K. L., & Torino, G. C. (2007) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/1099-9809.13.1.72 · Cited by 812
Wellman, D. T. (1993) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511625480 · Cited by 645
A Nationwide Study of Discrimination and Chronic Health Conditions Among Asian Americans
Gee, G. C., Spencer, M. S., Chen, J., & Takeuchi, D. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2006.091827 · Cited by 483
Self-citationHwang, W.-C., & Goto, S. (2008) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/1099-9809.14.4.326 · Cited by 354
Ðoàn, L. N., Takata, Y., Sakuma, K.-L. K., & Irvin, V. L. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7432 · Cited by 241
Cited by
Structural Racism and Immigrant Health in the United States
Misra, S., Kwon, S. C., Abraído-Lanza, A. F., Chebli, P., Trinh-Shevrin, C., & Yi, S. S. (2021) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/10901981211010676 · Cited by 149
Psychosocial correlates of posttraumatic growth among U.S. young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Hyun, S., Wong, G. T. F., Levy-Carrick, N. C., Charmaraman, L., Cozier, Y., Yip, T., Hahm, H. “., & Liu, C. H. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114035 · Cited by 56
Self-citationDemographic and Sociocultural Predictors of Face Image Satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I
Frederick, D. A., Reynolds, T. A., Barrera, C. A., & Murray, S. B. (2022) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.016 · Cited by 37
(2023) · doi:10.29333/ejosdr/12936 · Cited by 10
Le, A. B. (2021) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2020.306139 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, J. A., Zhang, E., & Liu, C. H.
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1624-1627
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- OpenAlex
- W3087107735
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 21
- FWCI
- 58.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Potential Impact of COVID-19–Related Racial Discrimination on the Health of Asian Americans. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2105/ajph.2020.305858
- The paper
- Chen, J. A., Zhang, E., & Liu, C. H. (2020). Potential Impact of COVID-19–Related Racial Discrimination on the Health of Asian Americans. American Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305858
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
