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Vaccination and Allergic Disease: A Birth Cohort Study
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: We examined the effect of vaccination for diphtheria; polio; pertussis and tetanus; or measles, mumps, and rubella on the incidence of physician-diagnosed asthma and eczema. METHODS: We used a previously established birth cohort in the West Midlands General Practice research database. RESULTS: We found an association between vaccination and the development of allergic disease; however, this association was present only among children with the fewest physician visits and can be explained by this factor. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that currently recommended routine vaccinations are not a risk factor for asthma or eczema.
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“Significant association only for the group with lower GP consultation during the first 6 live months (hazard ratio 7.18; 95% CI from 2. 95 to 17. 49)”
From Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children (2012) · cites this paper as McKeever 2004
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“Stratifying for GP consultation frequency in the first 18 months, HR estimates remain significant only for the subgroup with lower consulting frequency (zero to six times in the first 18 months) and not for the other subgroups (seven to 10 times, 11 to 16 times and more than 16 times): HR 7.18 (95% CI 2.95 to 17.49) for association between MMR vaccination and asthma; HR 10.4 (95% CI 4.61 to 23.29)”
From Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children (2012) · cites this paper as McKeever 2004
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“Estimates from McKeever 2004 (although significant) are strongly affected by ascertainment bias, as children who are not taken to the doctor are less likely to be vaccinated and also have fewer opportunities to have diagnoses of allergic diseases recorded.”
From Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children (2012) · cites this paper as McKeever 2004
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“Correspondent crude hazard ratios (HR) were 3.51 (95% CI 2.42 to 5.11) and 4.61 (95% CI 3.15 to 6.74) for asthma and eczema, respectively.”
From Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children (2012) · cites this paper as McKeever 2004
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Citations
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Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children
Demicheli, V., Rivetti, A., Debalini, M. G., & Di Pietrantonj, C. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004407.pub3 · Cited by 372
Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children
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“Before vaccine design, the allergenicity prediction is a key step, because most vaccines transfer the immune response to the allergic reaction by initiating immunoglobulin E and Type II T-helper cells [53].”
BackgroundAtopic Dermatitis and the Hygiene Hypothesis Revisited
Flohr, C., & Yeo, L. (2011) · Current problems in dermatology · doi:10.1159/000323290 · Cited by 130
Oany, A. R., Pervin, T., & Emran, A. A. (2014) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s67861 · Cited by 103
“Today, most vaccines stimulate the immune system into an "allergic" reaction, 60 through induction of type 2 T helper T (Th2) cells and immunoglobulin E (IgE).”
Hasan, M., Ghosh, P., Azim, K. F., Mukta, S., Abir, R. A., Nahar, J., & Khan, M. (2019) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.023 · Cited by 102
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“Previous studies using UK primary care data to identify patients with AE report wide variations in prevalence from 0e38% based on the coding algorithm used (Anandan et al., 2009; Carey et al., 2003; McKeever et al., 2001, 2002, 2004; Punekar and Sheikh, 2009; Simpson et al., 2002, 2009).”
MethodVaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children
Pietrantonj, C. D., Rivetti, A., Marchione, P., Debalini, M. G., & Demicheli, V. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004407.pub5 · Cited by 114
In silico-based vaccine design against Ebola virus glycoprotein
Dash, R., Das, R., Junaid, M., Akash, M. F. C., Islam, A., & Hosen, S. M. Z. (2017) · Advances and Applications in Bioinformatics and Chemistry · doi:10.2147/aabc.s115859 · Cited by 85
S3 guideline Allergy Prevention
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Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and respiratory symptoms in the first year of life
Persky, V., Piorkowski, J., Hernández, E., Chávez, N., Wagner-Cassanova, C., Vergara, C., Pelzel, D., Enriquez, R., Gutierrez, S., & Busso, A. (2008) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60492-9 · Cited by 80
Hinshaw, A. S. (2013) · Cited by 79
Hasan, M., Azim, K. F., Begum, A., Khan, N. A., Shammi, T. S., Imran, M. A. S., Chowdhury, I. M., & Urme, S. R. A. (2019) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2019.03.003 · Cited by 72
Azim, K. F., Hasan, M., Hossain, M. N., Somana, S. R., Hoque, S. F., Bappy, M. N. I., Chowdhury, A. T., & Lasker, T. (2019) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103936 · Cited by 61
Is Childhood Vaccination Associated With Asthma? A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Balicer, R. D., Grotto, I., Mimouni, M., & Mimouni, D. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-3569 · Cited by 61
McDonald, K. L., Huq, S. I., Lix, L. M., Becker, A. B., & Kozyrskyj, A. L. (2008) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.11.034 · Cited by 62
Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children
Demicheli, V., Rivetti, A., Debalini, M. G., & Pietrantonj, C. D. (2013) · Evidence-Based Child Health A Cochrane Review Journal · doi:10.1002/ebch.1948 · Cited by 52
Rosenlund, H., Bergström, A., Alm, J. S., Swartz, J., Scheynius, A., van Hage, M., Johansen, K., Brunekreef, B., von Mutius, E., Ege, M. J., et al. (2009) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0013 · Cited by 49
Breastfeeding is an essential complement to vaccination
Dórea, J. G. (2009) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01345.x · Cited by 43
“However, large and small studies have shown no association of vaccine status of children with changes in rates of atopic allergy or asthma in the United States (57) United Kingdom (55,58) and the Netherlands (59–61).”
BackgroundKiraly, N. J., Benn, C. S., Biering-Sørensen, S. R., Rodrigues, A., Jensen, K. J., Ravn, H., Allen, K. J., & Aaby, P. (2013) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.12216 · Cited by 42
“Atopic disease was associated with early DTP vaccination in studies from the UK and Canada (9, 20), whereas data from a UK cohort reported no association between timing of DTP and asthma or eczema (21).”
BackgroundAsthma and allergy in children with and without prior measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination
Timmermann, C. A. G., Osuna, C. E., Steuerwald, U., Weihe, P., Poulsen, L. K., & Grandjean, P. (2015) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1111/pai.12391 · Cited by 37
Rahmani, A., Baee, M., Saleki, K., Moradi, S., & Nouri, H. R. (2021) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2021.1876774 · Cited by 39
“Many vaccines stimulate the immune system, and may lead to allergic reactions (McKeever et al., 2004).”
BackgroundThomson, J. A., Widjaja, C., Darmaputra, A. A. P., Lowe, A. J., Matheson, M. C., Bennett, C. M., Allen, K. J., Abramson, M. J., Hosking, C. S., Hill, D., et al. (2010) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01018.x · Cited by 38
“Immunisation information for the MACS cohort was collected only on those immunisations on the schedule at the commencement of the study: DTP, CDT, Sabin and MMR, but not on BCG, H. influenzae, Pneumococcal, Meningococcal and Hepatitis B immunisation.”
ResultInfluentialTiming of routine infant vaccinations and risk of food allergy and eczema at one year of age
Kiraly, N. J., Koplin, J. J., Crawford, N. W., Bannister, S., Flanagan, K. L., Holt, P. G., Gurrin, L. C., Lowe, A. J., Tang, M. L. K., Wake, M. A., et al. (2015) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.12830 · Cited by 35
“Four of these studies investigated the whole-cell pertussis vaccine no longer used in most industrialized countries (13–16), only one investigated eczema (16) and none investigated food allergy.”
BackgroundInfluentialChildhood vaccination and allergy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Navaratna, S. N. K., Estcourt, M. J., Burgess, J. A., Waidyatillake, N. T., Enoh, E., Lowe, A. J., Peters, R. L., Koplin, J. J., Dhamage, S. C., & Lodge, C. (2021) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.14771 · Cited by 35
“Two publications based on the other RCT reported allergic outcomes following pertussis vaccination at 2, 4 and 6 months of age.29,30 TA B L E 1 Characteristics of the publications used for the qualitative synthesis (details on control group for cohort studies, sources of information etc given in Table S5) Reference, c…”
BackgroundInfluentialSpycher, B. D., Silverman, M. A., Egger, M., Zwahlen, M., & Kuehni, C. E. (2009) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0115 · Cited by 33
Childhood immunization and atopic disease into middle-age - a prospective cohort study
Matheson, M. C., Walters, E. H., Burgess, J. A., Jenkins, M. A., Giles, G. G., Hopper, J. L., Abramson, M. J., & Dharmage, S. C. (2009) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00950.x · Cited by 31
“One previous study of asthma and eczema incidence after DPPT and MMR vaccination in the UK found an increased incidence of both asthma and eczema after immunization (19).”
BackgroundO’Hagan, D. T., & Rappuoli, R. (2004) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/s1359-6446(04)03234-9 · Cited by 31
Flanagan, K. L., & Plebanski, M. (2016) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2016.1203260 · Cited by 30
“Other studies have similarly found decreased allergic outcomes following delayed DTP vaccination [41], while some suggest no such DTP effect [42].”
BackgroundTerhune, T. D., & Deth, R. C. (2012) · Journal of Immunotoxicology · doi:10.3109/1547691x.2012.708366 · Cited by 30
“, 2003), the majority show no relationship (Stannegard et al., 1998; Henderson et al., 1999; Yilmaz et al., 2000; Gruber et al., 2001; Bager et al., 2003; Marks et al., 2003; Nilsson et al., 2003; Annus et al., 2004; Koppen et al., 2004; Maitra et al., 2004; McKeever et al., 2004; Mohrenschlager et al., 2007), and oth…”
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“On the other hand, allergenicity results revealed that four epitopes of phosphoprotein, three epitopes of polymerase, and two epitopes of nucleocapsid protein to be nonallergic and the rest were allergic which could induce T helper cells and IgE antibodies to over sensitize the host cells.(75) Three epitopes from phos…”
BackgroundKummeling, I., Thijs, C. T., Stelma, F. F., Huber, M., van den Brandt, P. A., & Dagnelie, P. C. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1479 · Cited by 29
Gupta, A., Khan, S., Choudhury, S., Mukhopadhyay, A., Sakshi, Rastogi, A., Thakur, A., Kumari, P., Kaur, M., Shalu, et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01858 · Cited by 28
“Likewise, putative vaccine candidates must be checked for allergenicity to prevent allergic responses in the host that may be caused by vaccination (McKeever et al., 2004).”
BackgroundIs childhood immunisation associated with atopic disease from age 7 to 32 years?
Nakajima, K., Dharmage, S. C., Carlin, J. B., Wharton, C., Jenkins, M. A., Giles, G. G., Abramson, M. J., Walters, E. H., & Hopper, J. L. (2006) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2006.062547 · Cited by 27
“[13-15] Similarly, conflicting evidence has been reported for other vaccines including diphtheria, tetanus and polio.[10, 13, 16-18] However, none of the studies have found any harmful effect for measles [10, 12, 13, 19], BCG [20-22] and smallpox vaccine [23, 24] on the development of atopic diseases.”
Environmental Factors and Allergic Disorders
Tanaka, K., Miyake, Y., & Kiyohara, C. (2007) · Allergology International · doi:10.2332/allergolint.r-07-143 · Cited by 25
The relationship between vaccine refusal and self-report of atopic disease in children
Enriquez, R., Addington, W. W., Davis, F. G., Freels, S. A., Park, C. L., Hershow, R. C., & Persky, V. (2005) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.1128 · Cited by 27
A computational approach to design a multiepitope vaccine against H5N1 virus
Dashti, F., Raisi, A., Pourali, G., Razavi, Z. S., Ravaei, F., Nahand, J. S., Gharaei, F. K., Mirazimi, S. M. A., Zamani, J., Tarrahimofrad, H., et al. (2024) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/s12985-024-02337-7 · Cited by 26
“According to a criterion for predicting allergenicity, a sequence is deemed possibly allergenic if, when compared to known allergens, it shares the identity of at least six consecutive amino acids within an 80-amino acid window [38].”
BackgroundVaccinations in the first year of life and risk of atopic disease – Results from the KiGGS study
Schlaud, M., Schmitz, R., Poethko‐Müller, C., & Kuhnert, R. (2017) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.111 · Cited by 22
Pertussis Immunization in Infancy and Adolescent Asthma Medication
Vogt, H., Bråbäck, L., Kling, A., Grünewald, M., & Nilsson, L. J. (2014) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-0723 · Cited by 21
CytomegaloVirusDb: Multi-omics knowledge database for cytomegaloviruses
Khan, T., Khan, A., Nasir, S. N., Ahmad, S., Ali, S. S., & Wei, D. (2021) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104563 · Cited by 20
Oany, A. R., Sharmin, T., Chowdhury, A. S., Pervin, T., & Hasan, M. A. (2015) · In Silico Pharmacology · doi:10.1186/s40203-015-0011-4 · Cited by 19
“Another important feature of the peptide vaccine is its allergen-icity (McKeever et al. 2004).”
BackgroundJanjanam, V. D., Mukherjee, N., Lockett, G. A., Rezwan, F. I., Kurukulaaratchy, R. J., Mitchell, F., Zhang, H., Arshad, H., Holloway, J. W., & Karmaus, W. (2016) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.068 · Cited by 19
“Conversely, the DPPT (Diphtheria, Polio, Pertussis, Tetanus) and MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccines were not linked with physician diagnosed asthma or eczema in children in one birth cohort study [11].”
BackgroundOany, A. R., Ahmad, S. A. I., Hossain, M. U., & Pervin, T. (2015) · Advances and Applications in Bioinformatics and Chemistry · doi:10.2147/aabc.s75250 · Cited by 19
Guidelines for allergy prevention in Hong Kong
Chan, W. M., Chan, J. K., Tam, A. Y., Leung, T., & Lee, T. H. (2016) · Hong Kong Medical Journal · doi:10.12809/hkmj154763 · Cited by 17
“There is no evidence to show that vaccination practices have any adverse effect on the incidence of allergic diseases in population-based cohort studies [120,121].”
BackgroundImmunological considerations regarding parental concerns on pediatric immunizations
Nicoli, F., & Appay, V. (2017) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.030 · Cited by 17
“3 Effect on atopic disorders and autoimmune diseases 94 Historically, vaccines have been proposed to be involved in the development of allergies, asthma and other 95 atopic disorders [65].”
BackgroundMia, M. M., Hasan, M., Ahmed, S., & Rahman, M. N. (2022) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105355 · Cited by 17
Khan, T., Khan, A., & Wei, D. (2021) · Database · doi:10.1093/database/baab063 · Cited by 16
“The performed allergenicity check helps to prevent any possible allergic responses in the host (69).”
BackgroundBremner, S. A., Carey, I. M., DeWilde, S., Richards, N., Maier, W. C., Hilton, S. R., Strachan, D. P., & Cook, D. G. (2007) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02697.x · Cited by 15
Vaccination and Allergic Sensitization in Early Childhood – The ALADDIN Birth Cohort
Swartz, J., Aronsson, B., Lindblad, F., Järnbert‐Pettersson, H., Scheynius, A., Pershagen, G., & Alm, J. S. (2018) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.10.005 · Cited by 15
“We also conclude, like McKeever et al. [23], that the total number of vaccinations given is not associated with allergic disease.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSabah, S. N., Gazi, M. A., Sthity, R. A., Husain, A. B., Quyyum, S. A., Rahman, M., & Islam, R. (2016) · Interdisciplinary Sciences Computational Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12539-016-0184-5 · Cited by 14
Pervin, T., & Oany, A. R. (2021) · In Silico Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s40203-021-00080-3 · Cited by 14
Kant, R., Khan, M. S., Chopra, M., & Saluja, D. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2024.1442158 · Cited by 11
Silva, M. K., Gomes, H. S. S., da Silva, O. L. T., Campanelli, S. E., Campos, D. M. O., Araújo, J. M. G., Fernandes, J. V., Fulco, U. L., & Oliveira, J. I. N. (2021) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104826 · Cited by 11
Gehrt, L., Rieckmann, A., Kiraly, N. J., Jensen, A. K. G., Aaby, P., Benn, C. S., & Sørup, S. (2020) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.024 · Cited by 11
Anand, R., Biswal, S., Bhatt, R., & Tiwary, B. N. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.9855 · Cited by 11
“Most of the present day vaccines activate the immune system into allergic state (McKeever et al., 2004) by inducing type 2 T helper T (Th2) cells and immunoglobulin E (IgE).”
Backgroundda Silva, M. K., Azevedo, A. A. C., Campos, D. M. D. O., de Souto, J. T., Fulco, U. L., & Oliveira, J. I. N. (2022) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2022.2050301 · Cited by 11
“Similarly, putative vaccine candidates must be tested for allergenicity to prevent allergic reactions in the host that could be triggered by vaccination (McKeever et al., 2004).”
BackgroundAli, M. C., Khatun, M. S., Jahan, S. I., Das, R., Munni, Y. A., Rahman, M. M., & Dash, R. (2021) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2021.1947381 · Cited by 10
BCG Vaccination in Early Childhood and Risk of Atopic Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Zhao, K., Miles, P., Jiang, X., Zhou, Q., Cao, C., Lin, W., Hubbard, R., Fu, P., & Xu, S. (2021) · Canadian Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1155/2021/5434315 · Cited by 10
Timing of routine vaccinations and the risk of childhood asthma
Spycher, B. D., Silverman, M. A., & Kuehni, C. E. (2008) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.037 · Cited by 10
Vaccines do not cause atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ayasse, M. T., Ahmed, A., McCullum, C., Espinosa, M. L., Paller, A. S., & Silverberg, J. I. (2021) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.036 · Cited by 8
Whole-cell pertussis vaccine in early infancy for the prevention of allergy in children
Chacón, G. P., Ramsay, J. A., Brennan‐Jones, C. G., Estcourt, M. J., Richmond, P., Holt, P. G., & Snelling, T. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013682.pub2 · Cited by 5
Rieckmann, A., Hærskjold, A., Benn, C. S., Aaby, P., Lange, T., & Sørup, S. (2019) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyz062 · Cited by 8
“(10-19) The nine studies vary from large 201 prospective cohort studies to small cross-sectional studies and represent children from 11 202”
BackgroundRahmani, A., Baee, M., Saleki, K., Moradi, S., & Nouri, H. R. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-92515/v1 · Cited by 8
“Recently, most vaccines stimulate the immune system into an allergic reaction [40].”
BackgroundMilner, J. D., & Gergen, P. J. (2005) · Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1097/01.all.0000168787.59335.8a · Cited by 7
The complex link between immunization against childhood diseases and allergy
Kalaboka, S., & Annesi‐Maesano, I. (2007) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1586/14760584.6.4.635 · Cited by 6
The Hygiene Hypothesis of Allergy and Asthma
Ege, M. J., & Müller-Rompa, S. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.16004-7 · Cited by 6
Khalaj‐Hedayati, A., Chua, C., Smooker, P. M., Moosavi, S., Manta, O. P., Helal, M. H., Ibrahim, M., El-Bahy, Z. M., Supriyanto, G., & Lee, K. W. (2023) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano13202796 · Cited by 5
“The server is a binary classifier between allergens and non-allergens and it predicts allergenicity based on the amino acid principle properties such as size, hydrophobicity, helix, and beta-strand formations [73].”
Siddiki, A. Z., Alam, S., Tithi, F. A., Hoque, S. F., Sajib, E. H., Hossen, F. F. B., & Hossain, M. A. (2023) · Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102706 · Cited by 5
Vaccination status of children in Switzerland
Lang, P. (2007) · edoc (University of Basel) · doi:10.5451/unibas-004420408 · Cited by 5
Mia, M. M., Hasan, M., Hasan, M. M., Khan, S. S., Rahman, M. N., Ahmed, S., Basak, A., Sakib, M. N., & Banik, S. (2021) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105076 · Cited by 4
Supto, M. S. M., Shanto, M. R. H., Tanoy, N. M., Fahim, M. F. A., Hasan, M., Mia, M. M., & Ahmed, S. (2025) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110935 · Cited by 3
Siddiki, A. Z., Alam, S., Hossen, F. F. B., & Alim, M. A. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0312262 · Cited by 3
Chacón, G. P., Fathima, P., Jones, M., Barnes, R., Richmond, P., Gidding, H. F., Moore, H. C., & Snelling, T. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260388 · Cited by 3
Rahman, M. N., Ahmed, S., Hasan, M., Shuvo, M. S. A., Islam, M. A., Hasan, R., Roy, S., Hossain, H., & Mia, M. M. (2023) · Informatics in Medicine Unlocked · doi:10.1016/j.imu.2023.101209 · Cited by 3
VACCINATION AND RISK OF ALLERGIC DISEASE
Hurwitz, E. L., & Morgenstern, H. (2005) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.050583 · Cited by 3
Zhao, K., Miles, P., Hubbard, R., Zhou, Q., Lin, W., Cao, C., & Xu, S. (2020) · doi:10.22541/au.159492914.49775650 · Cited by 3
Langen, U., & Röhmel, J. (2009) · The Open Allergy Journal · doi:10.2174/1874838400902010001 · Cited by 2
“In addition to many studies that have found no increased risk of atopies after vaccinations [31-39], there are some works which suggest that a certain risk might be possible.”
BackgroundThangamariappan, E., Mohan, M., & Sundar, K. (2021) · Mediterranean Journal of Infection Microbes and Antimicrobials · doi:10.4274/mjima.galenos.2021.2021.23 · Cited by 2
“However, most of the vaccines cause allergic reactions with the help of immunoglobulin E and type 2 T-helper cells [43] .”
Allergies and vaccination: a myth demystified
Ankermann, T., Spindler, T., Gerstlauer, M., & Schmidt, S. M. (2018) · Allergo Journal International · doi:10.1007/s40629-018-0077-8 · Cited by 2
Allergie und Impfen — ein Mythos entmystifiziert
Ankermann, T., Spindler, T., Gerstlauer, M., & Schmidt, S. M. (2018) · Allergo Journal · doi:10.1007/s15007-018-1707-7 · Cited by 2
Ponvert, C. (2006) · Revue Française d Allergologie et d Immunologie Clinique · doi:10.1016/j.allerg.2006.01.009 · Cited by 2
Ponvert, C. (2007) · Revue Française d Allergologie et d Immunologie Clinique · doi:10.1016/j.allerg.2006.12.003 · Cited by 2
Pastorino, A. C. (2006) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2006.tde-22032006-225713 · Cited by 2
Maurya, N., Awasthi, S., Dixit, P., & Agarwal, S. (2012) · Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers · doi:10.1089/gtmb.2011.0345 · Cited by 1
“However, the results are still controversial as some studies have reported positive association while others could find no association (Kemp et al., 1997; McKeever et al., 2004; Martignon et al., 2005).”
ResultForno, E., & Quizon, A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2366-8_8 · Cited by 1
Schmidt, S. M., Spindler, T., & Ankermann, T. (2019) · Allergo Journal · doi:10.1007/s15007-019-1989-4 · Cited by 1
Ponvert, C. (2004) · Revue Française d Allergologie et d Immunologie Clinique · doi:10.1016/j.allerg.2004.10.022 · Cited by 1
Protective factors in childhood allergy related to diet and lifestyle
Rosenlund, H. (2010) · Figshare
Bérard, F. (2005) · Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie · doi:10.1016/s0151-9638(05)86154-x
Childhood Vaccinations and Asthma
Destefano, F. R. (2009) · Pediatric Health · doi:10.2217/phe.09.27
Early life factors and the long-term development of asthma
Vogt, H. (2012) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Hasheminasab, S. S., Maghsood, H., & Khalili, S. (2016) · International Journal of Health · doi:10.14419/ijh.v4i1.5602
Analysis of phenotypic variation in childhood wheezing disorders
Spycher, B. D. (2010) · BORIS Theses (Bern Open Research Information System) (Bern University Library, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland) · doi:10.24442/boristheses.1028
Grüber, C., & Wood, R. A. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420226-9.00014-0
Ein Mythos wird entmystifiziert
Ankermann, T., Spindler, T., Gerstlauer, M., & Schmidt, S. M. (2019) · Pädiatrie · doi:10.1007/s15014-019-1497-8
Ali, M. C., Jahan, S. I., Khatun, M. S., Das, R., Rahman, M. M., & Dash, R. (2020) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0383.v1
Ertaş, H. (2020) · Turkish Studies - Social Sciences · doi:10.29228/turkishstudies.41993
Metadata
- Authors
- McKeever, T. M., Lewis, S. A., Smith, C., & Hubbard, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 985-989
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- PMC
- PMC1448377
- OpenAlex
- W1982817031
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- vaccination, allergic diseases, asthma, atopic dermatitis, diphtheria, poliomyelitis, pertussis, tetanus, measles, mumps and rubella, routine childhood immunization, physician visits, birth cohort
- MeSH terms
- Asthma, Child, Child, Preschool, Eczema, England, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Physicians, Family, Vaccination, Cohort Studies
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