GENE EXPRESSION IN CHONDROCYTES ASSESSED WITH USE OF MICROARRAYS
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite considerable limitations such as low sensitivity and insensitivity to alternative splicing, posttranscriptional regulation, and posttranslational modification, cDNA array technology provides a powerful tool with which to obtain an overview of gene expression patterns, hardly achievable with other techniques. This has been shown to be true for the analysis of known genes as well as the discovery of new genes of interest. METHODS: Samples of normal and late-stage osteoarthritic cartilage of human knee joints were analyzed with use of the Human Cancer 1.2 cDNA-array and TaqMan analysis. RESULTS: In spite of a large variability of expression levels among different patients, significant expression patterns for many known genes of interest such as cartilage matrix proteins (e.g., collagen types II, VI, and XI; aggrecan; decorin; biglycan) and matrix-degrading proteases were detected. Of the latter, MMP-3 appeared to be strongly expressed in normal and early degenerative cartilage and downregulated in the late disease stages. This indicates that, in the late stages of cartilage degeneration, other degradation pathways might be more important, for example, those involving enzymes such as MMP-2 and MMP-13, both of which were upregulated in late-stage disease. CONCLUSION: Most results have to be considered to be preliminary to a certain degree, as technical tools and interpretation approaches are still emerging and need more validation. Clearly, there is a major challenge to distill information and knowledge out of the obtained mass of data. However, these data will be one basis of a new world of biological understanding. These new insights will be network-based and no longer molecule-centered. Today, molecules have a biochemical and physiological context; tomorrow, biological networks will have molecules as constituents.
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MMP-3 is strongly expressed in normal and early degenerative cartilage and down-regulated in late disease stages.
“In spite of a large variability of expression levels among different patients, MMP-3 appeared to be strongly expressed in normal and early degenerative cartilage and down-regulated in the late disease stages.”
From Arthropod steroid hormone (20-Hydroxyecdysone) suppresses IL-1β- induced catabolic gene expression in cartilage (2015) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- AIGNER, T., ZIEN, A., HANISCH, D., & ZIMMER, R.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- ORCID
- ZIMMER, RALF
- Venue
- The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 85
- Pages
- 117-123
- ISSN
- 0021-9355 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1928418428
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
- Keywords
- chondrocytes, gene expression, osteoarthritis, cartilage degeneration, cDNA microarray, matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-3, MMP-2, MMP-13, cartilage matrix proteins, aggrecan, type II collagen, proteoglycans, knee joint
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cartilage, Articular, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Knee Joint, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Signal Transduction, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Chondrocytes, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Matrix Metalloproteinases
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