EARLY MOLLUSCAN EVOLUTION: EVIDENCE FROM THE TRACE FOSSIL RECORD
Abstract
Abstract Trace fossils extend the history of early molluscan evolution because they have a higher preservation potential in siliciclastic strata, where body fossils are rare or absent, and also because they better record the activities of soft-bodied animals. The earliest mollusks are recorded by fan-shaped scratch arrays associated with death masks of the Ediacaran animal Kimberella. Cambrian traces––Climactichnites, Musculopodus, Radulichnus––and fecal pellets record giant, but shell-less mollusks that intermittently left the water to graze the biofilms of intertidal sand flats. After the Cambrian, these traces become progressively restricted. Their subsequent disappearance results from closure of a taphonomic window, rather than from extinction of these animals or their grazing behavior. Other Paleozoic groups of shell-less mollusks may have responded to increasing predation pressures by becoming infaunal. Unlike surface trails, their backfilled burrows––Psammichnites, “Aulichnites-Olivellites,” Dictyodora––are commonly preserved. These burrows reflect the evolution of sophisticated search programs in shallow-marine as well as deep-sea environments, but none of them continues into the Mesozoic.
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The development of the fan-shaped ridges in elongate forms and the considerable length of the scratches makes a radula origin unlikely.
“Although direct comparison has been made to scratches from molluscan radulae, most explicitly by Seilacher & Hagadorn (2000), their development in elongate fan-shaped forms and the considerable length of the scratches makes this unlikely (Ivantsov, 2009; Gehling et al. , 2014).”
From The origin of the animals and a 'Savannah' hypothesis for early bilaterian evolution (2017) · cites this paper as Seilacher & Hagadorn (2000)
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- Authors
- SEILACHER, A., & HAGADORN, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Denver Museum of Nature and Science (US)
- ORCID
- HAGADORN, JAMES W.
- Venue
- PALAIOS
- Publisher
- Society for Sedimentary Geology
- Published
- 2010-09-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 565-575
- ISSN
- 0883-1351 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-5323
- OpenAlex
- W2060263832
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Palaios (publishedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Keywords
- molluscan evolution, trace fossils, Ediacaran, fecal pellets, predation pressure, search behavior
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