THIRTEEN-WEEK REPEATED ORAL DOSE TOXICITY STUDY OF ECABAPIDE, A GASTROPROKINETIC DRUG, IN DOGS AND RATS
Open accessAbstract
Thirteen-week oral repeated dose toxicity of ecabapide, a gastroprokinetic drug, was investigated in dogs at dosage levels of 50, 175 or 600 mg/kg, and in rats at dosage levels of 25, 100, 400 or 1600 mg/kg. In dogs, vomiting, aqueous salivation, body weight gain inhibition, and hemolytic anemia, together with an increase in Heinz body formation, were observed at 175 and/or 600 mg/kg. Histological examination revealed enhanced hemosiderin deposition in the liver and spleen, retention of erythrocytes in the splenic sinus and enhanced erythropoiesis in bone marrow at 175 and/or 600 mg/kg. In the rat study, although increases in serum total protein, albumin and calcium, as well as increased liver and kidney weights, were observed at 400 and/or 1600 mg/kg, no obvious morphological changes were seen. The hemolytic anemia and an increased Heinz body formation were not observed in rats, indicating a species difference. On the basis of these results, the non-toxic dose of ecabapide was considered to be 50 mg/kg in dogs and 100 mg/kg in rats.
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In dogs, Heinz bodies can reportedly form after exposure to onions, garlic, coal tar derivatives, acetaminophen, benzocaine anesthetics, hydrogen peroxide, vitamin K1, vitamin K3, naphthalene, phenylhydrazine, or zinc.
“In dogs, Heinz bodies can reportedly 1-5 form following exposure to onions, garlic, coal tar derivatives (eg, ecabapide and nitrotoluene analogs), acetaminophen, benzocaine-containing anesthetics, hydrogen peroxide, vitamin K 1 , vitamin K 3 , naphthalene, phenylhydrazine, or zinc.”
From Heinz body anemia in a dog that had been sprayed with skunk musk (2005) · cites this paper as [2]
The Discussion (p. 13) reports increased Heinz body formation in dogs given ecabapide, supporting that example. The paper does not establish the other listed exposures as causes of Heinz body formation in dogs; its Introduction (p. 1) also identifies ecabapide as a substituted benzamide, not a coal tar derivative. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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Heinz body anemia in a dog that had been sprayed with skunk musk
Zaks, K. L., Tan, E. O., & Thrall, M. A. (2005) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.2005.226.1516 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
- Authors
- JINDO, T., GENDA, Y., KAKIHATA, K., OHNO, H., & Akiyama, Y.
- ORCID
- OHNO, Hiroshi
- Venue
- The Journal of Toxicological Sciences
- Publisher
- Japanese Society of Toxicology
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- SupplementIII
- Pages
- 561-574
- ISSN
- 0388-1350 (ISSN-L)
- 1880-3989
- OpenAlex
- W2017542338
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Keywords
- hemolytic anemia, Heinz bodies, hemosiderin deposition, erythropoiesis, species differences, dogs, rats
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Anemia, Hemolytic, Animals, Anti-Ulcer Agents, Benzamides, Blood Proteins, Body Weight, Dogs, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Erythropoiesis, Female, Kidney, Liver, Male, Salivation, Spleen, Time Factors, Vomiting, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level, Rats
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