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Gaseous Nitrogen Losses from Soils Under Zero‐Till as Compared with Conventional‐Till Management Systems
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The gaseous losses of N from conventional‐till (CT) and zero‐till (ZT) crop fields were 3 to 7 and 12 to 16 kg N ha−1 y−1, respectively. In contrast, losses from CT and ZT fallow were severalfold higher, namely, 12 to 14 and 34 kg N ha−1, respectively. The more dense surface soil and consistently higher moisture content (lower air‐filled porosity) were identified as major factors affecting increased denitrification under ZT. The potential denitrification rates were markedly higher under ZT, and the population of denitrifiers was up to six times higher than in CT soil samples. The contribution of lower soil horizons towards gaseous N losses was found to be low on both CT and ZT fields, and this finding was confirmed from a survey carried out on three other widely differing soils. Volumetric soil moisture and air temperature were the only two of several factors that accounted for a significant portion of the variations in gaseous N fluxes under field conditions. The average mole fraction of N 2 O ranged from almost 100% to as low as 28% of the total gaseous products and showed a negative relationship with soil moisture.
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“Reduced tillage may, however, increase N 2 O emissions due to decreased soil aeration and higher soil moisture contents (Aulakh et al., 1984;Linn & Doran, 1984;Smith & Conen, 2004;Rochette, 2008).”
From Land‐use change to bioenergy production in Europe: implications for the greenhouse gas balance and soil carbon (2012) · cites this paper as Aulakh et al., 1984
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“higher soil organic C levels; conditions that favor microbial denitrification (Aulakh et al., 1984; Linn and Doran, 1984; Rice and Smith, 1982).”
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“Manure addition may not be entirely beneficial as increased production of CH4 and N2O emission can occur (Cates and Keeney, 1987; Paul et al., 1993; Coyne et al., 1995; Chang et al., 1998).”
BackgroundInfluentialGreenhouse gas fluxes in varying soils types under conventional and no-tillage practices.
Regina, K., & Alakukku, L. (2010) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009 · Cited by 172
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The Effects of Cultivation on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization
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BackgroundSoil Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Corn following Three Decades of Tillage and Rotation Treatments
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“…that, after allowing for the substantial influence of climate on actual N2O emissions, NT is expected to result in higher denitrification and N2O emission rates because of higher soil moisture, soil organic C (SOC), and microbial populations near the soil surface (Doran, 1980; Aulakh et al., 1984).”
BackgroundSoil management and nitrous oxide emissions from cultivated fields in southern Ohio
Jacinthe, P., & Dick, W. (1997) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(96)01094-x · Cited by 138
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Freney, J. (1997) · Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems · doi:10.1023/a:1009702832489 · Cited by 133
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Studies on NO and N2O fluxes from a wheat field
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“On the other hand, others have found little or no relationship between N20 emission rates and soil temperature (Bowden et al., 1990; Skiba et al., 1992) or between denitrification processes and temperature (Focht and Verstraete, 1977; Aulakh et al., 1984).”
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“This research was funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Strategic Grant, BIOCAP Canada and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.”
ResultInfluentialTillage and Previous Crop Effects on Dynamics of Nitrogen in a Wheat–Soil System
Soon, Y. K., Clayton, G., & Rice, W. A. (2001) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj2001.934842x · Cited by 116
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“Similar results were also found by Bauer et al. (2006). OuraverageCO2flux(69,52and49 kg C ha 1 day 1 forCT,RTand DD, respectively) was in accordance with other studies (e.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCésar Izaurralde, R., Rosenberg, N. J., & Lal, R. (2001) · Advances in Agronomy · doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(01)70003-x · Cited by 107
Plaza-Bonilla, D., Álvaro-Fuentes, J., Arrúe, J. L., & Cantero-Martínez, C. (2014) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.023 · Cited by 105
“counterbalanced by an increase in N2O emissions due to the greater amount of water in the soil and soluble forms of C in non-tilled systems (Aulakh et al., 1984; Ball et al., 1999; Smith et al., 2001).”
BackgroundZhang, J.-S., Zhang, F.-P., Yang, J.-H., Wang, J.-P., Cai, M.-L., Li, C.-F., & Cao, C. (2011) · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2010.11.023 · Cited by 104
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“These processes are controlled by several factors, including water-filled pore space (WFPS) (Aulakh et al. 1984; Davidson 1991; Dobbie et al. 1999; Ruser et al. 2001), temperature (Keeney et al.”
BackgroundMkhabela, M., Madani, A., Gordon, R., Burton, D., Cudmore, D., Elmi, A., & Hart, W. (2008) · doi:10.1016/j.still.2007.12.005 · Cited by 101
Liu, X.-J., Mosier, A., Halvorson, A., & Zhang, F.-S. (2005) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-005-4894-4 · Cited by 100
Simojoki, A., & Jaakkola, A. (2000) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00308.x · Cited by 95
Nitrogen cycling under different soil management systems
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Urea Transformations and Fertilizer Efficiency in Soil
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Effect of Temperature and Water on Gaseous Emissions from Soils Treated with Animal Slurry
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Effect of cycloheximide on N2O and NO3– production in a forest and an agricultural soil
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“While the role of autotrophic nitrifying bacteria in N2O emissions is well documented (Bremner and Blackmer 1979; Aulakh et al. 1984; Robertson and Tiedje 1987), the involvement of heterotrophic populations in N2O emissions has been rarely investigated and is thought to be confined mainly to…”
BackgroundChapter 5 – Gaseous Losses of Nitrogen
Haynes, R., & Sherlock, R. (1986) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-334910-1.50009-1 · Cited by 86
Antille, D., Chamen, W., Tullberg, J., & Lal, R. (2015) · doi:10.13031/trans.58.11049 · Cited by 75
“This difference was reflected by a 9.4-fold increase in emissions of N2O over a 24 h period on the NT soils, with similar contrasts reported by Aulakh et al. (1984).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEmissions of CO2, N2O, and NO in conventional and no-till management practices in Rondônia, Brazil
Passianoto, C. C., Ahrens, T., Feigl, B., Steudler, P., Carmo, J. B. D., & Melillo, J. (2003) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-003-0653-y · Cited by 73
“Studies in Canada (Aulakh et al. 1984) and the United Kingdom (Ball et al. 1999) showed an increase in N2O emissions under notillage due to increased soil water content, bulk density, and larger soil aggregates, which led to increases in anaerobic conditions.”
BackgroundImpact of Microorganisms on Chemical Transformations in Soil
Murphy, D., Stockdale, E. A., Brookes, P., & Goulding, K. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6619-1_3 · Cited by 73
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“Aulakh et al. (1984) reported a change in the N2O molar fraction from 28% to 100% of the total gaseous product, and that it showed a negative relationship with soil moisture.”
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“…that report increased N 2 O emissions following the conversion to no-till practices were conducted on fine-textured soils, including clay and silty clay loam (MacKenzie et al. 1998), imperfectly drained clay loam (Ball et al. 1999), clay loam (Aulakh et al. 1984), and silt loam (Baggs et al. 2003).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNitric Oxide Reductase-Targeted Real-Time PCR Quantification of Denitrifier Populations in Soil
Dandie, C. E., Miller, M. N., Burton, D., Zebarth, B., Trevors, J., & Goyer, C. (2007) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00081-07 · Cited by 67
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“A number of studies have observed increases in the number of denitrifying organisms and/or denitrification rates under conservation tillage systems (Aulakh et al. 1984; Broder et al. 1984; Doran et al. 1998).”
BackgroundSoil properties influencing the denitrification potential of Flemish agricultural soils
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“The contribution of lower soil horizons towards gaseous N losses was also found to be low under field circumstances (Aulakh et al. 1984).”
BackgroundNitrate Reduction in a Groundwater Microcosm Determined by 15N Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
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“However, in anaerobic soils, N2O is further reduced to N2 and the mole fraction of N2O in the gaseous products of denitrification is sharply reduced with an increasing soil water content (Aulakh et al. 1984).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNitrous oxide production in soils cropped to corn with varying N fertilization
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N2O emission from conventional and minimum-tilled soils
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“Among the factors affecting N2O emissions (WFPS, temperature, mineral N concentration and crop type) (Aulakh et al. 1984; Granli and Bøckman 1994; Skiba and Smith 2000; Dobbie and Smith 2003), probably the lower WFPS of the CT field was responsible for the difference in N2O emissions from the MT…”
BackgroundDenitrification in Maize Under No-Tillage
Rozas, H. R. S., Echeverría, H., & Picone, L. I. (2001) · doi:10.2136/sssaj2001.6541314x · Cited by 56
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“Application of organic matter may decrease CO2 emission, and thereby increase the storage of soil C Kern and Johnson 1993 , but it may increase N2O emission Aulakh et al. 1984 .”
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Measurement of nitrous oxide emissions from two rice-based cropping systems in China
Xiong, Z., Xing, G., Tsuruta, H., Shen, G.-Y., Shi, S., & Du, L. (2002) · Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems · doi:10.1023/a:1021179605327 · Cited by 54
“This is similar to the result of Aulakh et al. (1984b) who found greater soil water content in zero-till than in conventional-tillage with wheat.”
ResultDeng, Q., Hui, D., Wang, J.-M., Yu, C.-L., Li, C.-S., Reddy, K. C., & Dennis, S. (2015) · doi:10.1002/2015jg003239 · Cited by 51
“N associated with nitrification or indirectly by reducing microbial activity [Aulakh et al., 1984; Bhatia et al., 2010].”
BackgroundAdiku, S., Narh, S., Jones, J., Laryea, K., & Dowuona, G. (2008) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-008-9652-y · Cited by 49
Svensson, B., Klemedtsson, L., Simkins, S., Paustian, K., & Rosswall, T. (1991) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/bf00012253 · Cited by 47
Fluxes of nitrous oxide in tilled and no-tilled boreal arable soils
Sheehy, J., Six, J., Alakukku, L., & Regina, K. (2013) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2012.10.007 · Cited by 47
Martin-Gorriz, B., Maestre-Valero, J. F., Almagro, M., Boix-Fayos, C., & Martínez-Mena, M. (2020) · Scientia Horticulturae · doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108978 · Cited by 46
Processes for Production and Consumption of Gaseous Nitrogen Oxides in Soil
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“It is well-known that DCD as a nitrification inhibitor reduced the rate of nitrification, and resulted in a low emission of N2O [21, 42].”
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Differential Responses of Nitrate Reducer Community Size, Structure, and Activity to Tillage Systems
Chèneby, D., Brauman, A., Rabary, B., & Philippot, L. (2009) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.02338-08 · Cited by 42
“Structure of the nitrate reducer community under the DM (open circles) or conventional tillage system (CT) (closed circles) with no fertilization (0), fertilization with farmyard manure (1), or fertilization with farmyard manure combined with mineral fertilizer (2).”
BackgroundResultThe influence of tillage on NO and N2O fluxes under spring and winter barley
Skiba, U., Dijk, S., & Ball, B. (2002) · doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00250.x · Cited by 42
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Chapter 7 – Nitrogen and Agronomic Practice
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“Denitrification rates and N2O were determined from the topsoil (0–15 cm depth) using the intact core method with and without acetylene (C2H2) inhibition (Ryden et al. 1987).”
MethodInfluentialGuo, Z.-L., Cai, C., Li, Z., Wang, T.-W., & Zheng, M.-J. (2009) · Agroforestry Systems · doi:10.1007/s10457-008-9170-1 · Cited by 36
“Some studies reported that application of organic material may decrease CO2 emission (Kern and John 1993) though it may increase N2O emission (Aulakh et al. 1984).”
BackgroundN-Source Effects on Temporal Distribution of NO3-N Leaching Losses to Subsurface Drainage Water
Bakhsh, A., Kanwar, R. S., Pederson, C. H., & Bailey, T. B. (2006) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-006-9274-z · Cited by 35
Niu, Y., Cai, Y.-J., Chen, Z.-M., Luo, J.-F., Di, H., Yu, H.-Y., Zhu, A., & Ding, W. (2019) · doi:10.1016/j.still.2019.104419 · Cited by 34
Zhaorigetu, Komatsuzaki, M., Sato, Y., & Ohta, H. (2008) · Microbes and Environments · doi:10.1264/jsme2.23.201 · Cited by 34
Minami, K. (2004) · Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems · doi:10.1023/a:1009730618454 · Cited by 34
“and this has been directly demonstrated for a number of strategies [1,9,10,11,28,48,52,55,61] A significant fraction of the N2O evolved from agricultural systems could be avoided if some combination of agricultural management practices listed as follows were adopted worldwide [38].”
BackgroundQuantification de la dénitrification et des émissions de protoxyde d'azote (N2O) par les sols
Hénault, C., & Germon, J. (1995) · doi:10.1051/agro:19950602 · Cited by 33
“Les résultats de ces comparaisons permettent rarement de confirmer ou d’infirmer clairement les hypothèses sous-jacentes : i) ainsi Aulakh et al (1983, 1984) trouvent-ils un bon accord entre les dégagements de N2O en présence de C2H et les défauts de bilan 15N ; cependant ils ne prennent pas en…”
Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Content in Soils under Corn and Soybean
Sey, B. K., Whalen, J., Gregorich, E., Rochette, P., & Cue, R. (2008) · doi:10.2136/sssaj2007.0093 · Cited by 31
“…N fertilizer applications that increase the mineral N content in soil solution may enhance the production of N2O from nitrifi cation (Bowman and Focht, 1974) or denitrifi cation when the soil water content is suffi ciently high (Aulakh et al., 1984; Cates and Keeney, 1987; Sehy et al., 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialShannon, K., Saleh-Lakha, S., Burton, D., Zebarth, B., Goyer, C., & Trevors, J. (2011) · Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · doi:10.1007/s10482-011-9577-y · Cited by 30
Fernández-Luqueño, F., Reyes-Varela, V., Cervantes-Santiago, F., Gómez-Juárez, C., Santillán-Arias, A., & Dendooven, L. (2010) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-009-0246-0 · Cited by 30
“Aulakh et al. (1984) showed that the N2O emission significantly increased in soil cultivated with wheat and added with urea.”
BackgroundChalco-Vera, J., Valeiro, A., Posse, G., & Acreche, M. (2017) · Science of the Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.172 · Cited by 28
“N2O emissions in agriculture are associated with nitrogen (N) fertilizer application (Bouwman, 1996; DeKlein et al., 2006; Eichner, 1990) and decomposition of organic matter present in the environment (Aulakh et al., 1984; Vinther et al., 2004).”
BackgroundHirono, Y., & Nonaka, K. (2014) · Soil Science & Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/00380768.2014.890015 · Cited by 27
“In addition, N2O emissions are also reduced by directly limiting the nitrification process and by indirectly limiting the denitrification process by suppressing rapid formation of NO3 -N (Aulakh et al. 1984; Bhatia et al. 2010).”
BackgroundNitrous oxide emission from an irrigated cotton field under semiarid subtropical conditions
Mahmood, T., Ali, R., Iqbal, J., & Robab, U.-E. (2008) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-008-0276-4 · Cited by 26
“Consequently, the proportion of N2O in the denitrification gaseous N products may be as low as 0.6% (for a flooded rice field; Mosier et al. 1989) and as high as 100% (for a rainfed cropping system under wheat; Aulakh et al. 1984).”
BackgroundInfluentialBall, B., & Ritchie, R. (1999) · doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(99)00080-x · Cited by 26
“Reduced or no-tillage systems can also increase N2O production (Aulakh et al., 1984), particularly in the presence of straw residues (Ball and Robertson, 1990).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Aulakh, M. S., Rennie, D. A., & Paul, E. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Saskatchewan (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Quality
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1984-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 130-136
- ISSN
- 0047-2425 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-2537
- OpenAlex
- W1983639362
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 6.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Quality (publishedVersion)
- Digital Collections of Colorado (Colorado State University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Keywords
- nitrogen loss, no-tillage, conventional tillage, denitrification, nitrous oxide, soil moisture, air-filled porosity, soil compaction, denitrifying bacteria, fallow, soil management systems
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