The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Chesapeake Bay Eutrophication: Scientific Understanding, Ecosystem Restoration, and Challenges for Agriculture
Abstract
Chesapeake Bay has been the subject of intensive research on cultural eutrophication and extensive efforts to reduce nutrient inputs. In 1987 a commitment was made to reduce controllable sources of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) by 40% by the year 2000, although the causes and effects of eutrophication were incompletely known. Subsequent research, modeling, and monitoring have shown that: (i) the estuarine ecosystem had been substantially altered by increased loadings of N and P of approximately 7‐ and 18‐fold, respectively; (ii) hypoxia substantially increased since the 1950s; (iii) eutrophication was the major cause of reductions in submerged vegetation; and (iv) reducing nutrient sources by 40% would improve water quality, but less than originally thought. Strong public support and political commitment have allowed the Chesapeake Bay Program to reduce nutrient inputs, particularly from point sources, by 58% for P and 28% for N. However, reductions of nonpoint sources of P and N were projected by models to reach only 19% and 15%, respectively, of controllable loadings. The lack of reductions in nutrient concentrations in some streams and tidal waters and field research suggest that soil conservation–based management strategies are less effective than assumed. In 1997, isolated outbreaks of the toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida brought attention to the land application of poultry manure as a contributing factor to elevated soil P and ground water N concentrations. In addition to developing more effective agricultural practices, emerging issues include linking eutrophication and living resources, reducing atmospheric sources of N, enhancing nutrient sinks, controlling sprawling suburban development, and predicting and preventing harmful algal blooms.
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Cites
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Cited by
Eutrophication of Chesapeake Bay: historical trends and ecological interactions.
Kemp, W., Boynton, W., Adolf, J., Boesch, D., Boicourt, W., Brush, G., Cornwell, J., Fisher, T., Glibert, P., Hagy, J., et al. (2005) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps303001 · Cited by 1,468
Self-citationCadenasso, M. L., Pickett, S. T. A., & Schwarz, K. (2007) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[80:shiuer]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 592
Phosphorus Transport in Agricultural Subsurface Drainage: A Review
King, K. W., Williams, M. R., Macrae, M. L., Fausey, N. R., Frankenberger, J., Smith, D. R., Kleinman, P. J. A., & Brown, L. C. (2015) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2014.04.0163 · Cited by 517
Challenges and opportunities for science in reducing nutrient over-enrichment of coastal ecosystems
Boesch, D. F. (2002) · Estuaries · doi:10.1007/bf02804914 · Cited by 381
Self-citationSims, J. T., Maguire, R. O., Leytem, A. B., Gartley, K. L., & Pautler, M. C. (2002) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2002.2016 · Cited by 375
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