Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation and Vertical Distribution across a 74‐Year Chronosequence
Abstract
The majority of the world's terrestrial C and N is contained in soil; however, most soil research has been focused on the top 10 to 30 cm. We quantified the ecosystem C and N pools down to 1 m, including the aboveground biomass, litter, and roots in a 74‐yr grassland chronosequence of abandoned agricultural fields in Minnesota. Carbon accumulated at a rate of 34 g C m −2 yr −1 ; however, only the two top depths, 0 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm, showed a significant increase of 11.0 and 5.8 g C m −2 yr −1 Soil N also increased significantly only in the top 10 cm. Litter C, total root C, and total root N all increased significantly across the chronosequence but were not significantly related to soil C or N gains. Root C and N gains also occurred in the top 10 to 20 cm of the soil. Overall, the changes in vegetation pools were, at best, weakly correlated with soil C and N pools. Soil C accumulation represented 11% of the total C fixed (or sequestered) in the ecosystem and exceeded root C productivity, particularly below 20 cm. We argue that half of the soil C accumulation may be occurring below 20 cm, suggesting that deeper soil stocks are responsive to disturbances and should be included in assessments of a soil's C storage potential. Furthermore, the source of this C does not appear to be directly derived from recent plant inputs. The accumulation of soil C at all depths tended to be limited by N inputs, and our estimated rate of soil C accumulation does not appear to be sustainable b…
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Recent studies suggest that land use change may affect deep (>30 cm) soil organic carbon stocks.
“Recent studies, however, suggest that LUC may affect deep ( > 30 cm) SOC stocks (Knops & Bradley, 2009; Follett et al. , 2012; Qin et al. , 2015).”
From Influence of spatially dependent, modeled soil carbon emission factors on life‐cycle greenhouse gas emissions of corn and cellulosic ethanol (2016) · cites this paper as Knops & Bradley, 2009
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- Authors
- Knops, J. M. H., & Bradley, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
- Corresponding author
- Knops, Johannes M. H.
- Venue
- Soil Science Society of America Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2096-2104
- ISSN
- 0361-5995 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-0661
- OpenAlex
- W2068012521
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Soil Science Society of America Journal (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil and Environmental Studies
- Keywords
- soil carbon accumulation, soil nitrogen accumulation, vertical distribution of soil carbon, chronosequence, abandoned farmland, grassland succession, root carbon, root nitrogen, litter carbon, aboveground biomass, carbon sequestration, nitrogen limitation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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