Social facilitation in virtual reality-enhanced exercise: competitiveness moderates exercise effort of older adults
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This study examined the effect of virtual social facilitation and competitiveness on exercise effort in exergaming older adults. Fourteen exergaming older adults participated. Competitiveness was assessed prior to the start of exercise. Participants were trained to ride a "cybercycle;" a virtual reality-enhanced stationary bike with interactive competition. After establishing a cybercycling baseline, competitive avatars were introduced. Pedaling effort (watts) was assessed. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant group (high vs low competitiveness) × time (pre- to post-avatar) interaction (F[1,12] = 13.1, P = 0.003). Virtual social facilitation increased exercise effort among more competitive exercisers. Exercise programs that match competitiveness may maximize exercise effort.
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- Authors
- Anderson-Hanley, C., Arciero, P., & Snyder
- Affiliations
- Union College (US)
- ORCID
- Arciero, Paul
- Venue
- Clinical Interventions in Aging
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 275
- ISSN
- 1176-9092 (ISSN-L)
- 1178-1998
- PMC
- PMC3212419
- OpenAlex
- W2142722868
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Interventions in Aging (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Johns Hopkins University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Keywords
- social facilitation, virtual reality, exergames, competitiveness, physical exertion, older adults, stationary cycling, exercise motivation
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Competitive Behavior, Energy Metabolism, Exercise Test, Exercise Therapy, Physical Exertion, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Social Facilitation, User-Computer Interface, Program Evaluation, Mental Competency, Exercise Movement Techniques
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