The prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome/ myalgic encephalomyelitis: a meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: To perform a meta-analysis to examine variability among prevalence estimates for CFS/ME, according to the method of assessment used. METHODS: Databases were systematically searched for studies on CFS/ME prevalence in adults that applied the 1994 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) case definition.1 Estimates were categorized into two methods of assessment: self-reporting of symptoms versus clinical assessment of symptoms. Meta-analysis was performed to pool prevalences by assessment using random effects modeling. This was stratified by sample setting (community or primary care) and heterogeneity was examined using the I (2) statistic. RESULTS: Of 216 records found, 14 studies were considered suitable for inclusion. The pooled prevalence for self-reporting assessment was 3.28% (95% CI: 2.24-4.33) and 0.76% (95% CI: 0.23-1.29) for clinical assessment. High variability was observed among self-reported estimates, while clinically assessed estimates showed greater consistency. CONCLUSION: The observed heterogeneity in CFS/ME prevalence may be due to differences in method of assessment. Stakeholders should be cautious of prevalence determined by the self-reporting of symptoms alone. The 1994 CDC case definition appeared to be the most reliable clinical assessment tool available at the time of these studies. Improving clinical case definitions and their adoption internationally will enable better comparisons of findings and inform health systems about the true burden of CFS/ME.
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The prevalence of CFS found in community-based studies is low; a meta-analysis of 5 studies found a frequency of 0.87%.
“The prevalence of CFS found in community-based studies is low; a meta-analysis of 5 studies found a frequency of 0.87 % [39].”
From The differential diagnosis of tiredness: a systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [39]
The Results report a pooled prevalence of 0.87% in community samples, compared with 1.72% in primary-care samples. That figure concerns clinically assessed CFS/ME; the Results separately report 3.48% for self-reported CFS/ME in community samples. The passages do not establish that the 0.87% estimate came from five studies, so the citing sentence omits an important assessment qualifier and leaves its study count unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Johnston, S., Brenu, Staines, D., & Marshall-Gradisnik
- Affiliations
- Griffith University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Johnston, Samantha
- Venue
- Clinical Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 5
- Pages
- 105
- ISSN
- 1179-1349 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3616604
- OpenAlex
- W2007887341
- Cited by
- 171
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- chronic fatigue syndrome, prevalence, self-reported symptoms, clinical evaluation, CDC case definition, heterogeneity of prevalence estimates
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