Sleep and somatic complaints in university students
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are common among university students. Poor sleep is associated with impaired daily functioning, increased risk of psychiatric symptoms, and somatic complaints such as pain. Previous results suggest that poor sleep exacerbates pain, which in turn negatively affects sleep. The purpose of the present study was to determine prevalence rates, comorbidity, and role of depression as a factor of moderating the relationship between sleep and physical complaints in German university students. SAMPLES AND METHODS: In total, 2443 German university students (65% women) completed a web survey. Self-report measures included the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, three modules of the Patient Health Questionnaire, and a questionnaire on the functional somatic syndromes (FSSs). RESULTS: More than one-third (36.9%) reported poor sleep as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Somatoform syndrome was identified in 23.5%, and the prevalence of any FSS was 12.8%. Self-reported sleep quality, sleep onset latency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medications, and daytime dysfunctioning were significant predictors of somatoform syndrome, whereas sleep efficiency and sleep duration influenced somatic complaints indirectly. Moderate correlations were found between stress, anxiety, somatoform syndrome, depression, and overall sleep quality. The effect of somatic complaints on sleep quality was associated with the severity of depression. Anxiety shows direct effects on somatization and depression but only indirect associations with sleep quality.
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Fourteen effect sizes for insomnia and stress were reported across 12 studies (range 0.25-0.55).
“Fourteen effect sizes for insomnia and stress were reported across 12 studies (range 0.250.55) [29,41,47,50,53,54,57,59,60,65,67,69] (with Benham, 2019 [47] and Hellstrom et al, [29] including two effect sizes each).”
From A systematic review and meta-analysis of poor sleep, insomnia symptoms and stress in undergraduate students (2022) · cites this paper as [65]
The Results section ('Correlations between somatic complaints according to PHQ-D and self-reported sleep quality'; page unavailable) reports a stress–overall sleep-quality correlation of r=0.454, within the stated range. It measures sleep quality rather than a specifically defined insomnia–stress association. The count of 14 effect sizes across 12 studies is the citing paper's aggregate, not a finding reported by this individual study. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Schlarb, A., Claßen, M., Hellmann, S., Vögele, C., & Gulewitsch, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Bielefeld University (DE)
- University of Luxembourg (LU)
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Schlarb, Angelika
- Venue
- Journal of Pain Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- Volume 10
- Pages
- 1189-1199
- ISSN
- 1178-7090 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5441659
- OpenAlex
- W2609762602
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 7.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Publikationen an der Universität Bielefeld (Universität Bielefeld) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Universität Bielefeld
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Keywords
- sleep quality, somatic symptoms, university students, functional somatic syndromes, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, sleep medication, daytime dysfunction, sleep efficiency, sleep duration, sleep latency, stress, somatization, pain
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