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Developmental coordination disorder and dysgraphia: signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and rehabilitation
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Abstract: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a common and well-recognized neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5 in every 100 individuals worldwide. It has long been included in standard national and international classifications of disorders (especially the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ). Children and adults with DCD may come to medical or paramedical attention because of poor motor skills, poor motor coordination, and/or impaired procedural learning affecting activities of daily living. Studies show DCD persistence of 30–70% in adulthood for individuals who were diagnosed with DCD as children, with direct consequences in the academic realm and even beyond. In particular, individuals with DCD are at increased risk of impaired handwriting skills. Medium-term and long-term prognosis depends on the timing of the diagnosis, (possible) comorbid disorders (and their diagnosis), the variability of signs and symptoms (number and intensity), and the nature and frequency of the interventions individuals receive. We therefore chose to investigate the signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and rehabilitation of both DCD and developmental dysgraphia, which continues to receive far too little attention in its own right from researchers and clinicians. Keywords: developmental coordination disorder, developmental dysgraphia, clinical expressions, diagnosis, therapy, assessment tools
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Around half of those with developmental coordination disorder also exhibit impaired writing abilities.
“around half of those with DCD also exhibit impaired writing abilities (33).”
From Disorder of written expression and dysgraphia: definition, diagnosis, and management (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
The “Dysgraphia in DCD” section says about half of children with DCD have difficulty learning to write, and the General conclusion says 1 in 2 children with DCD exhibit dysgraphia. The cited paper supports the proportion for children, but the claim’s unqualified “those with DCD” extends it to adults as well. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Biotteau, M., Danna, J., Baudou, E., Puyjarinet, F., Velay, J.-L., Albaret, J.-M., & Chaix, Y.
- Affiliations
- Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (FR)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Université de Montpellier (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Biotteau, Maëlle
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- Volume 15
- Pages
- 1873-1885
- ISSN
- 1176-6328 (ISSN-L)
- 1178-2021
- PMC
- PMC6626900
- OpenAlex
- W2955582018
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL AMU (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-11-IDEX-0001, ANR11IDEX000102, ANR-13-APPR-0010, ANR-11-LABX-0036, ANR-16-CONV-0002, ANR-11-IDEX, ANR 13 APPR 0010-01, IDEX-0001-02)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Social Sciences › Education › Writing and Handwriting Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- developmental coordination disorder, developmental dysgraphia, motor coordination, handwriting impairment, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, rehabilitation, persistence into adulthood, comorbidities, prognosis, assessment instruments
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