Cited by 441Obstructive Sleep Apnea ResearchNeuroscience of respiration and sleepSleep and related disorders

Obstructive sleep apnea: Current perspectives

Open access
Osman, Amal M, Carter, Sophie G, Carberry, Jayne C, Eckert, Danny J·2018·Nature and Science of Sleep

Abstract

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) continues to rise. So too do the health, safety, and economic consequences. On an individual level, the causes and consequences of OSA can vary substantially between patients. In recent years, four key contributors to OSA pathogenesis or "phenotypes" have been characterized. These include a narrow, crowded, or collapsible upper airway "anatomical compromise" and "non-anatomical" contributors such as ineffective pharyngeal dilator muscle function during sleep, a low threshold for arousal to airway narrowing during sleep, and unstable control of breathing (high loop gain). Each of these phenotypes is a target for therapy. This review summarizes the latest knowledge on the different contributors to OSA with a focus on measurement techniques including emerging clinical tools designed to facilitate translation of new cause-driven targeted approaches to treat OSA. The potential for some of the specific pathophysiological causes of OSA to drive some of the key symptoms and consequences of OSA is also highlighted.

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Crossref · 10.2147/nss.s124657

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  • Insomnia disorder may be associated with a reduced respiratory arousal threshold, which may predispose patients to prematurely awaken to respiratory events.

    “Alternatively, insomnia disorder may be associated with a reduced respiratory arousal threshold, which may predispose patients to prematurely awaken to respiratory events [16,105].”

    From Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA): Prevalence, consequences, methodological considerations, and recent randomized controlled trials (2019) · cites this paper as [16]

    The Introduction’s “Respiratory arousal threshold” section says that some patients with OSA arouse to relatively small pressure changes and that premature arousal can interfere with stabilizing breathing. The “Prediction tools” section notes that insomnia commonly co-occurs with OSA, but does not say that insomnia disorder is associated with a reduced respiratory arousal threshold. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • OSA is thought to result from a combination of anatomical and non-anatomical factors.

    “OSA is thought to result from a combination of anatomical (e.g., a narrow pharyngeal airway), and non-anatomical factors (e.g., impaired upper airway muscle function, low arousal threshold, and unstable control of breathing) [16].”

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Authors
Osman, A. M., Carter, S. G., Carberry, J. C., & Eckert, D. J.
Affiliations
UNSW Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author
Eckert, Danny J
Venue
Nature and Science of Sleep
Published
2018-01
Volume
Volume 10
Pages
21-34
ISSN
1179-1608 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2784442221
Cited by
441
References
186
Citations by year
2026: 37 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 9
FWCI
5.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature and Science of Sleep (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords
obstructive sleep apnea, OSA pathogenesis, OSA phenotypes, upper airway anatomy, arousal threshold, loop gain, targeted therapy

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