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Sport-related anxiety: Current insights.
Open accessAbstract
To date, much research has been devoted to understanding how anxiety can affect sport performance, both in practice and in competitive settings. It is well known that sport has the potential for high levels of stress and anxiety, and that practicing and employing a range of psychological strategies can be beneficial in anxiety management. Equally, growing evidence also suggests that anxiety can play a role in sport injury prevention, occurrence, rehabilitation, and the return to sport process. The purpose of this paper is to provide current insights into sport-related anxiety. More specifically, it will provide the reader with definitions and theoretical conceptualizations of sport-related anxiety. This will be followed by making a case for considering the term "performance" to be broader than activities associated with sport-related performance in practice and competition, by including performance activities associated with sport injury prevention, rehabilitation, and the return to sport process. The paper will then highlight the importance of recognizing early signs and symptoms of anxiety, and the potential need for referral. Finally, the conclusions will emphasize the need for appropriate, client-specific, and practitioner competent care for athletes experiencing sport-related anxiety.
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“Importantly, when anxiety is left unchecked it can lead to clinically significant psychological disturbances and be detrimental to athletes’ wellbeing and performance (Ford et al., 2017).”
From Integrating Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) with Psychological Skills Training (PST): a case study (2025) · cites this paper as Ford et al., 2017
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“Performance anxiety is typically viewed as a reaction to the perceived stress of performing under pressure (Ford et al., 2017).”
From Integrating Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) with Psychological Skills Training (PST): a case study (2025) · cites this paper as Ford et al., 2017
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“Competitive anxiety is a common psychological challenge among athletes and can negatively affect sports performance.”
From The Effect of Different Psychological Interventions on Athletes' Competitive Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
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“It can affect sports performance, both in practice and competitive settings, to the point that employing a range of psychological strategies to manage anxiety is an important part of the training program for elite athletes[22].”
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“According to Ford et al. (2017), sports-related anxiety can significantly affect athletic performance during practice and competitions, increase the likelihood of getting injured, impede recovery from injury, and raise the risk of being injured again during practice and competitions.”
BackgroundThe Effect of Anxiety on Performance of University Kebangsaan Malaysia Athletes
Chakmehdouz Ghasemi, F., Pourkazemi, M., Tavakolli, M., Yarmohammadi, M., Hassanzadeh Saber, M., & Baradaran Noveiri, S. (2023) · Personalia Pelajar · doi:10.17576/personalia.2601.2023.03
Taramo, A., & Abosha, I. (2024) · International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education · doi:10.11648/j.ijsspe.20240902.11
Farooque, S., Mitra, M., Dhar, K., & Das, P. K. (2024) · European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science · doi:10.46827/ejpe.v11i3.5487
“Understanding the hiding phenomenon of anxiety and its effects on sports performance is judged only by the depth of behavioral and conceptual knowledge of an individual (Ford et al. , 2017a).”
BackgroundTóth, R., & Tóth, L. (2022) · Testnevelés Sport Tudomány · doi:10.21846/tst.2022.3-4.4
Turgut, B., Yüksel, P. G., & Naz, İ. (2024) · İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.61399/ikcusbfd.1555375
Study on Competitive Anxiety in Table Tennis Athletes
APOSTU, P. A., Nuț, R. A., Manasses, I., Gherţoiu, D. M., & Baciu, A. (2024) · Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae · doi:10.24193/subbeag.69(3).23
Spor Bilimleri Alanında Akademik Araştırma ve Değerlendirmeler VIII
Mutlu, T. O., Kaya, E., Bingöl, E., Menteş, G., Aktaş, F., Aktaş, Y., Çoban, C., Heb, S., Şentürk, H. E., Salman, K., et al. (2024) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub635
Genç Boksörlerde Bağıl Yaş, Zihinsel Dayanıklılık ve Algılanan Performans
Ceylan, E., & Mülazımoğlu, O. (2024) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub635.c2746
E-Sporcularda Performans Kaygısı ve Stres Yönetimi
Menteş, G. (2024) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub635.c2740
Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretiminde Mesleki Kişilik Tiplerinin Önemi
Heb, S., & Şentürk, H. E. (2024) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub635.c2743
Five Modules of Support: Pre-Performance Anxiety Management Strategies
Stevens, C., Law, B., & Pope, J. P. (2025) · Journal of Sport Psychology in Action · doi:10.1080/21520704.2025.2475191
“…deal of research regarding sport-related anxiety and the underlying methods that can be used to aid management in the athletic population (e.g., Ford et al., 2017; Hagan & Schack, 2019; Hanton et al., 2008; Ong & Chua, 2021), paving the way for development of resources employing the methods…”
Chan, H. W. (. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5274622
Sports anxiety and sports performance among Indian college athletes
Rathore, T. S., & Anthony, M. (2025) · International Journal of Sports Exercise and Physical Education · doi:10.33545/26647281.2025.v7.i1d.189
Nyland, J. A., Ferman, B., Elliott, R., Lewis, J., Richards, J. A., & Krupp, R. J. (2025) · European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology · doi:10.1007/s00590-025-04445-8
“The injured adolescent athlete’s anxiety or fear is likely greater when their AI is decreased, when they feel isolated, or when they feel pressured to RTS before they are ready [43].”
InfluentialNeurophysiology of Mindfulness in Sports—From Performance to Rehabilitation
Friedman, A. L., Jump, R., & Chaoul, A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44270-4_15 · Cited by 1
Perez, R., Gambetta, V., Manarte, S. G. G. D. O., Brusca, M. I., Jewtuchowicz, V. M., & Castillo, M. E. (2025) · SAP Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine · doi:10.56294/ri2026209
Sports Mental Toughness and Pain Anxiety Among Injured Filipino Student-Athletes
Morales, L. K., Calicdan, M. P., Manio, J. L., Pascual, R. C., Sanguir, L. K. A., Cuambot, J. I. V., & Jacob, A. (2025) · Psychology and Education A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.70838/pemj.480610
Yuvaraj, D., Vijayan, M., Govind, N., Munusamy, R., Kumarasamy, K., Debnath, D., & Govindhan, P. (2025) · Health sport rehabilitation · doi:10.58962/hsr.2026.1141
Ansiedade e Perturbação de Ansiedade Generalizada em Atletas de Elite
Pires, L. (2024) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · doi:10.34626/s1jt-3d58
EFFECTS OF STRESS ON SPORTS PERFORMANCE
Ormanović, Š., Sadiković, A., Mileusnić, D., & Ćirić, A. (2025) · Homosporticus · doi:10.61886/1840-4324.2025.27.2.29
Metadata
- Authors
- Ford, J., Ildefonso, K., Jones, M., & Arvinen-Barrow, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (US)
- Venue
- Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- Volume 8
- Pages
- 205-212
- ISSN
- 1179-1543 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5667788
- OpenAlex
- W2765469520
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 14.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- anxiety reduction, athletic performance, sports injury prevention, sports injury rehabilitation, return to sport, psychological strategies, athlete care
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