The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Galantamine
Abstract
Galantamine is the most recently approved cholinergic drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, the most common type of dementia. Vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular disease are also common in older patients. Dementia affects cognition, causes losses in ability to perform activities of daily living and often results in the emergence of psychiatric and abnormal behavioural symptoms. Dementia also results in an ever-increasing burden and a decreased quality of life for caregivers. Treatments for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, have focused on improving function in the cholinergic system. Vascular dementia and diffuse Lewy body dementia are also associated with significant defects in cholinergic function. Galantamine works by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and by allosterically modulating nicotinic receptors. In clinical trials, galantamine has shown benefits in the domains of cognition, function in activities of daily living, and behaviour. Galantamine is about 90% bioavailable and displays linear pharmacokinetics. It has a relatively large volume of distribution and low protein binding. Metabolism is primarily through the cytochrome P450 system, specifically the CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 isoenzymes. Population pharmacokinetic modelling with galantamine has shown that the variables affecting clearance are age, sex, and bodyweight. Model simulations demonstrate the importance of a slower dose-escalation schedule in patients with moderate hepatic impairment. In several large trials, galantamine has been shown to be well tolerated, with most adverse events being mild-to-moderate and gastrointestinal in nature. Based on the literature and clinical trial experience, galantamine appears to be an excellent treatment option for patients with Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia or Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular disease.
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“CYP450 is involved in the metabolism of drugs used for management of AD [270,271].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Farlow, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Farlow, Martin R
- ORCID
- Farlow, Martin R
- Venue
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1383-1392
- ISSN
- 0312-5963 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1983913269
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- galantamine, pharmacokinetics, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, liver dysfunction, dose escalation, population pharmacokinetic model, drug metabolism, adverse events, dementia treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Biological Availability, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Clinical Trials as Topic, Drug Interactions, Female, Galantamine, Half-Life, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Area Under Curve
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