The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction
Abstract
Biochemical, electrophysiological, and pharmacological evidence supporting a role for cholinergic dysfunction in age-related memory disturbances is critically reviewed. An attempt has been made to identify pseudoissues, resolve certain controversies, and clarify misconceptions that have occurred in the literature. Significant cholinergic dysfunctions occur in the aged and demented central nervous system, relationships between these changes and loss of memory exist, similar memory deficits can be artificially induced by blocking cholinergic mechanisms in young subjects, and under certain tightly controlled conditions reliable memory improvements in aged subjects can be achieved after cholinergic stimulation. Conventional attempts to reduce memory impairments in clinical trials hav not been therapeutically successful, however. Possible explanations for these disappointments are given and directions for future laboratory and clinical studies are suggested.
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Cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert and other septal nuclei are lost in Alzheimer disease, causing a general cholinergic deficit.
“During the course of AD pathogenesis, cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert and other septal nuclei that project widely throughout the cortex are lost, causing a general cholinergic deficit (Bartus et al., 1982).”
From Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies (2019) · cites this paper as Bartus et al., 1982
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- Authors
- Bartus, R. T., Dean, R. L., Beer, B., & Lippa, A. S.
- Affiliations
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Department of CNS Research, Lederle Laboratories of American Cyanamid Co., Pearl River, New York 10965.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1982-07-30
- Volume
- 217
- Issue
- 4558
- Pages
- 408-414
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1994067502
- Cited by
- 5,545
- References
- 158
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 107 · 2022: 130 · 2021: 142 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 119 · 2018: 130 · 2017: 116 · 2016: 122 · 2015: 111 · 2014: 139 · 2013: 145 · 2012: 132
- FWCI
- 11.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- cholinergic hypothesis, age-related memory impairment, cholinergic dysfunction, dementia, cholinergic stimulation, cholinergic blockade
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Adult, Aged, Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain Chemistry, Choline, Choline O-Acetyltransferase, Cognition, Forecasting, Humans, Memory, Memory Disorders, Models, Neurological, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Parasympathomimetics, Phosphatidylcholines, Receptors, Muscarinic, Mice, Rats
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