Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated with Insulin Resistance: Effects of Oral Antidiabetic Agents
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease than nondiabetic individuals. These patients are often insulin resistant and have an associated clustering of risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease. The risk factors include dyslipidemia, hypertension, altered hemostasis, and chronic inflammation. A primary objective in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus is normalization of blood glucose levels; however, some of the oral drugs used to control blood glucose levels have significant effects on these risk factors. In this article, we review the current data involving the modification of these cardiovascular risk factors by the biguanide (metformin), the thiazolidinediones (troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone), the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (miglitol, acarbose), and the insulin secretagogs (glyburide [glibenclamide], glipizide, chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, glimepiride, repaglinide, and nateglinide). Generally, the thiazolidinediones improve hemostasis and endothelial function and reduce blood pressure, while having variable effects on dyslipidemia. Metformin improves dyslipidemia and altered hemostasis and decreases plasma C-reactive protein levels with little or no effect on blood pressure. Data on the effects of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and insulin secretagogs are sparse; however, these drugs appear to have little or no effect on cardiovascular risk factors.
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Data on the effects of metformin on blood pressure are variable, with neutral effects or small decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
“Data of the effects of metformin on BP are variable, with neutral effects or small decreases in SBP and DBP [110].”
From Metformin: An Old But Still the Best Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes (2013) · cites this paper as [110]
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Metformin: An Old But Still the Best Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes
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- Authors
- Granberry, M. C., & Fonseca, V. A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas System (US)
- Tulane University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Granberry, Mark C
- ORCID
- Fonseca, Vivian A
- Venue
- American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 201-209
- ISSN
- 1175-3277 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1978492951
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, dyslipidemia, hypertension, hemostasis, chronic inflammation, C-reactive protein, endothelial function, metformin, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin secretagogues, glycemic control
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Risk Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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