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Current Status of Body Composition Assessment in Sport: Review and Position Statement on Behalf of the Ad Hoc Research Working Group on Body Composition Health and Performance, Under the Auspices of the I.O.C. Medical Commission
Open accessAbstract
Quantifying human body composition has played an important role in monitoring all athlete performance and training regimens, but especially so in gravitational, weight class and aesthetic sports wherein the tissue composition of the body profoundly affects performance or adjudication. Over the past century, a myriad of techniques and equations have been proposed, but all have some inherent problems, whether in measurement methodology or in the assumptions they make. To date, there is no universally applicable criterion or 'gold standard' methodology for body composition assessment. Having considered issues of accuracy, repeatability and utility, the multi-component model might be employed as a performance or selection criterion, provided the selected model accounts for variability in the density of fat-free mass in its computation. However, when profiling change in interventions, single methods whose raw data are surrogates for body composition (with the notable exception of the body mass index) remain useful.
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“Though costlier, DXA is a reliable method for assessing BMD and estimating fat and lean masses, provided standard test protocols are used.[138][139][140]”
From 2023 international olympic committee's (IOC) consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) (2023) · cites this paper as [138]
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“Skinfold measurement and other anthropometric data serve as an excellent surrogate measure of adiposity and muscularity when profiling composition changes in response to training interventions.(20) However, it should be noted that the standardization of skinfold sites, measurement techniques, and calipers vary around…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ackland, T. R., Lohman, T. G., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Maughan, R. J., Meyer, N. L., Stewart, A. D., & Müller, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Loughborough University (GB)
- United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee (US)
- Robert Gordon University (GB)
- University of Graz (AT)
- Venue
- Sports Medicine
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 227-249
- ISSN
- 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1969968719
- Cited by
- 599
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 14.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- International Olympic Committee
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Training Studies
- Keywords
- body composition assessment, athletes, multicomponent model, weight-class sports, aesthetic sports, athlete performance monitoring, body mass index, measurement accuracy and repeatability, selection criteria
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anthropometry, Body Composition, Body Weights and Measures, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sports, Sports Medicine, Western Australia, Absorptiometry, Photon, Body Mass Index, Electric Impedance, Guidelines as Topic, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Body Fat Distribution, Athletic Performance, Young Adult
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