Overcoming the skin permeation barrier: Challenges and opportunities
Abstract
Stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the skin, constitutes an excellent protective physiological barrier, and is the main challenge in transdermal drug delivery. Many approaches have been used to enhance the penetration of drugs through this layer, covering passive and active methods or the combination of both. This opens the opportunity to broaden the spectrum of drugs that can be administered through the skin, providing alternatives to existing products, and filling gaps that conventional routes failed to occupy. In this review, an overview of the different permeation enhancing methodologies is carried out, focusing on the combination of lipid nanoparticles with conventional chemical enhancers, as a proof-of-concept of a successful development strategy.
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Both a transepidermal and a transappendageal pathway exist in skin for formulation permeation.
“since both a transepidermal and a transappendageal pathway exist [142]”
From Recreating Human Skin In Vitro: Should the Microbiota Be Taken into Account? (2024) · cites this paper as [142]
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Passive Skin Permeation Enhancement
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Transdermal and Topical Drug Delivery Today
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Self-citationMagnetophoresis in combination with chemical enhancers for transdermal drug delivery
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Simultaneous basal-bolus delivery of fast-acting insulin and its significance in diabetes management
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Self-citationVitorino, C., Sousa, J., & Pais, A. A. C. C. (2013) · Analytical Methods · doi:10.1039/c3ay40757h · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationCutaneous Anatomy and Function
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Self-citationExpanding Transdermal Delivery with Lipid Nanoparticles: A New Drug-in-NLC-in-Adhesive Design
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Skin penetration enhancers: Mechanistic understanding and their selection for formulation and design
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Self-citationVarrica, C., Carvalheiro, M., Faria‐Silva, C., Eleutério, C., Sandri, G., & Simões, S. (2021) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering8120192 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Park, K. Y., Kwon, H. J., Lee, C., Kim, D., Yoon, J. J., Kim, M. N., & Kim, B. J. (2017) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.12354 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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de Souza, M. L., Dourado, D., Lôbo, I. P., Pires, V. C., Araújo, S. N. D. O., Rebouças, J. D. S., Costa, A., Fernandes, C. P., Tavares, N. M., Pereira, N. D. P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102803 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Non-invasive monitoring of low molecular weight biomarkers relevant to skin inflammation and cancer
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Transferosomes: a novel nanovesicular approach for drug delivery
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Targeted Delivery Strategies for Hydrophilic Phytochemicals
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Rethinking transdermal drug delivery using PVA-NLC based films
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Topical immunization using a nanoemulsion containing bacterial membrane antigens
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Cutaneous Pharmacokinetics of Topically Applied Novel Dermatological Formulations
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Transdermal microneedle patches as a promising drug delivery system for anti-obesogenic molecules
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Efficient dermal delivery of ascorbic acid 2‐glucoside with photoacoustic waves
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Hariyanti, H., Mauludın, R., SUMIRTAPURA, Y. C., & Kurniati, N. F. (2023) · Sains Malaysiana · doi:10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-05 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Transfersomes as a Surfactant-based Ultradeformable Liposome
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Unraveling Framework Nucleic Acid–Skin Cell Interactions with a Co‐Culture System
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Drug Delivery System: A Novel Approach to Formulation Development
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A regulatory framework for the development of topical nanomedicines
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Nanocarriers of Drugs for Topical Delivery
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Self-citationFormulation and Evaluation of Isotretinoin Nano Sponges-Loaded Transdermal Patch: A Review
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- Authors
- Vitorino, C., Sousa, J., & Pais, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Coimbra (PT)
- Venue
- Current Pharmaceutical Design
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2015-05-27
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 2698-2712
- ISSN
- 1381-6128 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2242840047
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Pharmaceutical Design (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- transdermal drug delivery, skin permeation, stratum corneum barrier, chemical penetration enhancers, lipid nanoparticles, microneedles, topical drug delivery
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Cutaneous, Animals, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Humans, Permeability, Skin, Skin Absorption, Structure-Activity Relationship, Drug Delivery Systems
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