Cited by 78Advancements in Transdermal Drug DeliveryAdvanced Drug Delivery SystemsDrug Solubulity and Delivery Systems

Overcoming the skin permeation barrier: Challenges and opportunities

Vitorino, Carla, Sousa, Joao, Pais, Alberto·2015·Current Pharmaceutical Design

Abstract

Stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the skin, constitutes an excellent protective physiological barrier, and is the main challenge in transdermal drug delivery. Many approaches have been used to enhance the penetration of drugs through this layer, covering passive and active methods or the combination of both. This opens the opportunity to broaden the spectrum of drugs that can be administered through the skin, providing alternatives to existing products, and filling gaps that conventional routes failed to occupy. In this review, an overview of the different permeation enhancing methodologies is carried out, focusing on the combination of lipid nanoparticles with conventional chemical enhancers, as a proof-of-concept of a successful development strategy.

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Crossref · 10.2174/1381612821666150428124053

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123 of 123 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Vitorino, C., Sousa, J., & Pais, A.
Affiliations
University of Coimbra (PT)
Venue
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Published
2015-05-27
Volume
21
Issue
20
Pages
2698-2712
ISSN
1381-6128 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2242840047
Cited by
78
References
125
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
FWCI
1.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Current Pharmaceutical Design (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Keywords
transdermal drug delivery, skin permeation, stratum corneum barrier, chemical penetration enhancers, lipid nanoparticles, microneedles, topical drug delivery
MeSH terms
Administration, Cutaneous, Animals, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Humans, Permeability, Skin, Skin Absorption, Structure-Activity Relationship, Drug Delivery Systems

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