The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Role in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Abstract
The G-protein coupled receptors for Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol, the major psychoactive principle of marijuana, are known as cannabinoid receptors of type 1 (CB₁) and 2 (CB₂) and play important functions in degenerative and inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system. Whilst CB₁ receptors are mostly expressed in neurons, where they regulate neurotransmitter release and synaptic strength, CB₂ receptors are found mostly in glial cells and microglia, which become activated and over-express these receptors during disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's chorea. The neuromodulatory actions at CB₁ receptors by endogenous agonists ('endocannabinoids'), of which anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are the two most studied representatives, allows them to counteract the neurochemical unbalances arising during these disorders. In contrast, the immunomodulatory effects of these lipophilic mediators at CB₂ receptors regulate the activity and function of glia and microglia. Indeed, the level of expression of CB₁ and CB₂ receptors or of enzymes controlling endocannabinoid levels, and hence the concentrations of endocannabinoids, undergo time- and brain region-specific changes during neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders, with the initial attempt to counteract excitotoxicity and inflammation. Here we discuss this plasticity of the endocannabinoid system during the aforementioned central nervous system disorders, as well as its dysregulation, both of which have opened the way to the use of either direct and indirect activators or blockers of CB₁ and CB₂ receptors for the treatment of the symptoms or progression of these diseases.
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Cites
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Cited by
Ligresti, A., De Petrocellis, L., & Di Marzo, V. (2016) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00002.2016 · Cited by 469
Self-citationIs lipid signaling through cannabinoid 2 receptors part of a protective system?
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Iannotti, F. A., Di Marzo, V., & Petrosino, S. (2016) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2016.02.002 · Cited by 357
Self-citationEndocannabinoids drive the acquisition of an alternative phenotype in microglia
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bisogno, T., & Di Marzo, V.
- Venue
- CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2010-11-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 564-573
- ISSN
- 1568-007X (ISSN-L)
- 1871-5273
- OpenAlex
- W2012624148
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 13
- FWCI
- 10.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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