The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Landscape of Fear: Ecological Implications of Being Afraid~!2009-09-09~!2009-11-16~!2010-02-02~!
Open accessAbstract
Predation risk" and "fear" are concepts well established in animal behavior literature.We expand these concepts to develop the model of the "landscape of fear".The landscape of fear represents relative levels of predation risk as peaks and valleys that reflect the level of fear of predation a prey experiences in different parts of its area of use.We provide observations in support of this model regarding changes in predation risk with respect to habitat types, and terrain characteristics.We postulate that animals have the ability to learn and can respond to differing levels of predation risk.We propose that the landscape of fear can be quantified with the use of well documented existing methods such as givingup densities, vigilance observations, and foraging surveys of plants.We conclude that the landscape of fear is a useful visual model and has the potential to become a unifying ecological concept.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Wolves influence elk movements: Behavior shapes a trophic cascade in Yellowstone National Park
Fortin, D., Beyer, H. L., Boyce, M. S., Smith, D. W., Duchesne, T., & Mao, J. S. (2005) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/04-0953 · Cited by 1,351 · cited 1×
“…and adjust their behavior accordingly, even at the loss of feeding opportunities (Sih 1980, Edwards 1983, Stephens and Peterson 1984, Sweitzer 1996, Gilliam and Fraser 1987, Altendorf et al. 2001, Hernández and Laundré 2005, Fortin et al. 2004, 2005, Ripple and Beschta 2004a, Bergman et al. 2006).”
The Ecology of Fear: Optimal Foraging, Game Theory, and Trophic Interactions
Brown, J. S., Laundre, J. W., & Gurung, M. (1999) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.2307/1383287 · Cited by 1,347
Relationships between direct predation and risk effects
Creel, S., & Christianson, D. (2008) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.12.004 · Cited by 1,238
Wolves and the Ecology of Fear: Can Predation Risk Structure Ecosystems?
RIPPLE, W. J., & BESCHTA, R. L. (2004) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0755:wateof]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 813
Self-citationFear and Fearfulness in Animals
Boissy, A. (1995) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/418981 · Cited by 747
Corticosteroids in relation to fear, anxiety and psychopathology
Korte, S. M. (2001) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(01)00002-1 · Cited by 607
Trophic cascades among wolves, elk and aspen on Yellowstone National Park’s northern range
Ripple, W. J., Larsen, E. J., Renkin, R. A., & Smith, D. W. (2001) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00107-0 · Cited by 452
Self-citationWolf reintroduction, predation risk, and cottonwood recovery in Yellowstone National Park
Ripple, W. J., & Beschta, R. L. (2003) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(03)00154-3 · Cited by 395
Self-citationRestoring Yellowstone’s aspen with wolves
Ripple, W. J., & Beschta, R. L. (2007) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.05.006 · Cited by 319
Self-citationChildress, M. J., & Lung, M. A. (2003) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1006/anbe.2003.2217 · Cited by 304
Cited by
Landscapes of Fear: Spatial Patterns of Risk Perception and Response
Gaynor, K. M., Brown, J. S., Middleton, A. D., Power, M. E., & Brashares, J. S. (2019) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2019.01.004 · Cited by 759
Megafauna and ecosystem function from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene
Malhi, Y., Doughty, C. E., Galetti, M., Smith, F. A., Svenning, J.-C., & Terborgh, J. W. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1502540113 · Cited by 567
Diel predator activity drives a dynamic landscape of fear
Kohl, M. T., Stahler, D. R., Metz, M. C., Forester, J. D., Kauffman, M. J., Varley, N., White, P. J., Smith, D. W., & MacNulty, D. R. (2018) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.1002/ecm.1313 · Cited by 304
Dick, J. T. A., Alexander, M. E., Jeschke, J. M., Ricciardi, A., MacIsaac, H. J., Robinson, T. B., Kumschick, S., Weyl, O. L. F., Dunn, A. M., Hatcher, M. J., et al. (2014) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-013-0550-8 · Cited by 286
Impact of Land Use Changes and Habitat Fragmentation on the Eco-epidemiology of Tick-Borne Diseases
Diuk-Wasser, M. A., VanAcker, M. C., & Fernandez, M. P. (2021) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1093/jme/tjaa209 · Cited by 285
Metadata
- Authors
- Laundre, J. W., Hernandez, L., & Ripple, W. J.
- Venue
- The Open Ecology Journal
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2010-03-05
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1-7
- ISSN
- 1874-2130 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996270415
- Cited by
- 837
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 10.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Landscape of Fear: Ecological Implications of Being Afraid~!2009-09-09~!2009-11-16~!2010-02-02~! https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2174/1874213001003030001
- The paper
- Laundre, J. W., Hernandez, L., & Ripple, W. J. (2010). The Landscape of Fear: Ecological Implications of Being Afraid~!2009-09-09~!2009-11-16~!2010-02-02~! The Open Ecology Journal. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874213001003030001
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
