Radiation Doses for Human Exposed to Galactic Cosmic Rays and Their Secondary Products on the Lunar Surface
Open accessAbstract
On the lunar surface, every human being would be exposed to galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and their secondary products such as gamma rays and neutrons.For the human activity on the lunar surface in the future, it is important to estimate the effect of these particles on radiation doses.The annual ambient dose equivalent on the lunar surface was estimated on the basis of the latest observational data of GCRs.It is found that the annual ambient dose equivalent amount to about 570 mSv/yr during the intermediate period between the maximum and the minimum phases of the solar activity.This amount of dose is mainly produced from primary components of GCRs heavier than proton and helium nuclei.The annual ambient dose equivalent due to iron nuclei during this period is about 130 mSv/yr, more than 20% of the total dose on the lunar surface.Moreover, the dose due to these neutrons among the secondary particles reaches 50 mSv/yr, suggesting that the dose due to neutrons must be considered from the viewpoint of the human activity on the lunar surface.
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Secondary particles such as neutrons and other small particles can be produced by interaction of charged particles with matter they traverse, including spacecraft shielding.
“Moreover, secondaries such as neutrons and other small particles can be produced by the interaction of these charged particles with matter they traverse, including spacecraft shielding (Hayatsu et al., 2008).”
From The Need for Biological Countermeasures to Mitigate the Risk of Space Radiation-Induced Carcinogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, and Central Nervous System Deficiencies (2022) · cites this paper as Hayatsu et al., 2008
The “Leakage neutrons and γ rays” section says GCR particles produce secondary neutrons and photons when they interact with lunar subsurface material. It does not address production in spacecraft shielding, so that example extends beyond what the paper supports. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Hayatsu, K., Hareyama, M., Kobayashi, S., Yamashita, N., Miyajim, M., Sakurai, K., & Hasebe, N.
- Affiliations
- Waseda University (JP)
- Venue
- Biological Sciences in Space
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 59-66
- ISSN
- 0914-9201 (ISSN-L)
- 1349-967X
- OpenAlex
- W2082611224
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biological Sciences in Space (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiation Dose and Imaging
- Keywords
- galactic cosmic rays, lunar surface radiation, radiation dose, ambient dose equivalent, secondary cosmic rays, gamma radiation, neutrons, iron nuclei, solar cycle
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