Designing a Mobile App to Enhance Parenting Skills of Latinx Parents: A Community-Based Participatory Approach
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Abstract
Background: Latinx families are among the highest users of smartphones, yet few health-focused Web programs have been developed for this audience. Parent-based smartphone apps designed for Latinx families may help increase access to evidence-informed parenting programming and ultimately reduce health disparities among children and adolescents. To maximize uptake of such apps, the Center for eHealth Research and Disease Management (CeHRes) Roadmap for electronic health (eHealth) development recommends 5 phases of development: (1) contextual inquiry, (2) value specification, (3) design, (4) operationalization, and (5) evaluation. Objective: Guided by the CeHRes Roadmap, our objective was to apply a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to mobile app development. We present a formative evaluation to inform the design of an eHealth mobile app for Latinx parents of adolescents based on a face-to-face parenting program, Padres Informados/Jovenes Preparados (PIJP). Methods: Community participants in the process included Latinx parents and stakeholders. We conducted a parent survey (N=115) and interviews (N=20) to understand the context and obtain feedback on a mockup and prototype of the app, facilitator workshops to streamline content, and stakeholder interviews (N=4) to discuss values and app requirements. Results: We report results from the first 3 phases of the CeHRes Roadmap. In the survey, 96.5% (111/115) of parents reported they had access to a cell phone, 85.6% (89/104) reported they would use a parenting app in the next month if they had access, and 80.2% (89/111) reported intentions to use a stress reduction app. Parents reported that setting goals about parenting and tracking those goals were important potential features of an app. In logistic regression analyses, technology attitudes and barriers were not related to parent’s intentions to use a parenting mobile app (95% CI 0.51-1.17 and 95% CI 0.28-2.12, respectively). Qualitative interviews confirmed Latinx parents’ technology engagement and desire for education and child development information online. Stakeholder interviews identified 3 community values: familism, the promotion of adolescent health, and delivery of economic value. Community stakeholders participated in defining the mobile app requirements. On the basis of community and parent input, the mobile app prototype was designed with 3 sections: (1) 8 modules of video-based parenting skills instruction with content from the face-to-face PIJP program, (2) breath rate information from a wearable device to support awareness of stress levels that could affect parenting, and (3) goal setting and tracking capacities. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the utility of an iterative, participatory design process. The CBPR approach and community collaboration enhanced the CeHRes Roadmap by promoting power sharing, facilitating recruitment, and building trust among community members. Experiences applying community research to the initial 3 phases of the CeHRes Roadmap in a Latinx community are discussed, along with plans for the 2 final phases.
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Ideally, multiple sources of data should be combined, such as scientific literature and qualitative data collected from multiple types of stakeholders.
“Ideally, multiple sources of data should be combined, such as scientific literature and qualitative data collected from multiple types of stakeholders”
From Methods for Human-Centered eHealth Development: Narrative Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [115]
Authors stated that requirements should be elicited in a systematic way.
“First of all, authors stated that requirements should be elicited in a systematic way.”
From Methods for Human-Centered eHealth Development: Narrative Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [115]
Because major changes might be made to prototypes in an iterative development process, changes to the requirements might also be necessary to ensure that they remain in line with the prototype of the eHealth technology.
“Third, because major changes might be made to prototypes in an iterative development process, changes to the requirements might also be necessary to ensure that they remain in line with the prototype of the eHealth technology.”
From Methods for Human-Centered eHealth Development: Narrative Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [115]
When shaping a multi-method or mixed methods development process, an iterative and flexible development approach is key.
“the lessons learned illustrated that when shaping a multi-method or mixed methods development process, an iterative and flexible development approach is key [33,54,55,64,113,115].”
From Methods for Human-Centered eHealth Development: Narrative Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [115]
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- Authors
- Doty, J. L., Brady, S. S., Monardez Popelka, J., Rietveld, L., Garcia-Huidobro, D., Doty, M. J., Linares, R., Svetaz, M. V., & Allen, M. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Best Buy (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Doty, Jennifer L
- ORCID
- Venue
- JMIR Formative Research
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2020-01-24
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e12618
- ISSN
- 2561-326X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7007588
- OpenAlex
- W2982141328
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR Formative Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (T32HP22239)
- University of Minnesota (T32HP22239)
- Family Process Institute
- Health Resources and Services Administration (T32HP22239)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › ICT in Developing Communities
- Keywords
- Latinx parents, adolescent parenting, community-based participatory research, formative assessment, technology acceptance, familism, adolescent health, parenting skills, goal tracking, stress reduction, health disparities, stakeholder engagement, smartphone use, child development education
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