Best Practices for Using AI Tools as an Author, Peer Reviewer, or Editor
Open accessAbstract
The ethics of generative artificial intelligence (AI) use in scientific manuscript content creation has become a serious matter of concern in the scientific publishing community. Generative AI has computationally become capable of elaborating research questions; refining programming code; generating text in scientific language; and generating images, graphics, or figures. However, this technology should be used with caution. In this editorial, we outline the current state of editorial policies on generative AI or chatbot use in authorship, peer review, and editorial processing of scientific and scholarly manuscripts. Additionally, we provide JMIR Publications’ editorial policies on these issues. We further detail JMIR Publications’ approach to the applications of AI in the editorial process for manuscripts in review in a JMIR Publications journal.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Many journals, organizations, and publishers have started to provide GAI usage guidelines for authors and reviewers and made continuous updates.
“In response, many journals, organizations, and publishers have started to provide GAI usage guidelines for authors and reviewers and made continuous updates [30–32].”
From Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) usage guidelines for scholarly publishing: a cross-sectional study of medical journals (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says the paper surveys generative-AI policies for authors and peer reviewers, and the For Peer Reviewers section gives examples from NIH, publishers, WAME, and JMIR Publications. The Closing Comments describe policies as evolving, but do not establish that many journals, organizations, and publishers had made continuous updates to their guidelines. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSome journals specified conditions in which GAI can be used, such as requiring reviewers to obtain permission from authors and editors, confirming that manuscripts shall not be uploaded as training data, and providing authors with the choice to opt for or against a GAI-assisted review process.
“Some journals specified conditions in which GAI can be used. For example, they required reviewers to obtain permission from authors and editors, to confirm that manuscripts shall not be uploaded as training data, and provide authors with the choice to opt for or against a GAI-assisted review process [30, 32].”
From Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) usage guidelines for scholarly publishing: a cross-sectional study of medical journals (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
The For Peer Reviewers section says reviewers must protect manuscript confidentiality and check AI tools’ terms of use; JMIR would not permit a tool when submitted content might be reused. It also discusses authors’ choice between open and closed peer review. It does not say reviewers must obtain permission from both authors and editors, require confirmation that manuscripts will not become training data, or offer authors a choice specifically about AI-assisted review. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese biases are inherited from the training data used to develop LLMs.
“These biases are inherited from the training data used to develop LLMs (Leung et al., 2023).”
From Large language models for automated scholarly paper review: A survey (2025) · cites this paper as Leung et al., 2023
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation
Ji, Z., Lee, N., Frieske, R., Yu, T., Su, D., Xu, Y., Ishii, E., Bang, Y. J., Madotto, A., & Fung, P. (2023) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3571730 · Cited by 5,025 · see citing works
Sallam, M. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11060887 · Cited by 3,126 · cited 1× · see citing works
“AI plagiarism occurs when a person generates extensive material using AI and claims it as their own work [7,11,38,39].”
Gao, C. A., Howard, F. M., Markov, N. S., Dyer, E. C., Ramesh, S., Luo, Y., & Pearson, A. T. (2023) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00819-6 · Cited by 1,099 · see citing works
The imperative for regulatory oversight of large language models (or generative AI) in healthcare
Meskó, B., & Topol, E. J. (2023) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00873-0 · Cited by 1,047 · see citing works
ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove
Stokel-Walker, C. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-023-00107-z · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Eysenbach, G. (2023) · JMIR Medical Education · doi:10.2196/46885 · Cited by 840 · see citing works
Self-citationLarge Language Models in Medical Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions
Abd-alrazaq, A., AlSaad, R., Alhuwail, D., Ahmed, A., Healy, P. M., Latifi, S., Aziz, S., Damseh, R., Alabed Alrazak, S., & Sheikh, J. (2023) · JMIR Medical Education · doi:10.2196/48291 · Cited by 722 · see citing works
ChatGPT and large language models in academia: opportunities and challenges
Meyer, J. G., Urbanowicz, R. J., Martin, P. C. N., O’Connor, K., Li, R., Peng, P.-C., Bright, T. J., Tatonetti, N., Won, K. J., Gonzalez-Hernandez, G., et al. (2023) · BioData Mining · doi:10.1186/s13040-023-00339-9 · Cited by 569 · cited 1× · see citing works
“At JMIR Publications, we adhere to this guidance of transparency and disclosure; we do not endorse a ban on generative AI in peer review, which can be counterproductive in various ways [14,35].”
ChatGPT in healthcare: A taxonomy and systematic review
Li, J., Dada, A., Puladi, B., Kleesiek, J., & Egger, J. (2024) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108013 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Flanagin, A., Bibbins-Domingo, K., Berkwits, M., & Christiansen, S. L. (2023) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2023.1344 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
ChatGPT in Healthcare: A Taxonomy and Systematic ReviewPreprint
Li, J., Dada, A., Puladi, B., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.03.30.23287899 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
McNutt, M. K., Bradford, M., Drazen, J. M., Hanson, B., Howard, B., Jamieson, K. H., Kiermer, V., Marcus, E., Pope, B. K., Schekman, R., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1715374115 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Májovský, M., Černý, M., Kasal, M., Komarc, M., & Netuka, D. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/46924 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Using AI to write scholarly publications
Hosseini, M., Rasmussen, L. M., & Resnik, D. B. (2024) · Accountability in Research · doi:10.1080/08989621.2023.2168535 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
The ethics of disclosing the use of artificial intelligence tools in writing scholarly manuscripts
Hosseini, M., Resnik, D. B., & Holmes, K. (2023) · Research Ethics · doi:10.1177/17470161231180449 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Hosseini, M., & Horbach, S. P. J. M. (2023) · Research Integrity and Peer Review · doi:10.1186/s41073-023-00133-5 · Cited by 243 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…remain cautious about the risks of such use, including but not limited to the perpetuation of bias and nonneutral language in AI use (eg, gender, racial, political, or other biases based on individual characteristics) [26,27] and information leakage or breaches of confidentiality [27,28] (Table 2).”
Human‐ and AI ‐based authorship: Principles and ethics
da Silva, J. A. T., & Tsigaris, P. (2023) · Learned Publishing · doi:10.1002/leap.1547 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
We need to chat about artificial intelligence
Coiera, E. W., Verspoor, K. M., & Hansen, D. P. (2023) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.51992 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
ChatGPT: Cyber Security Threats and CountermeasuresPreprint
Addington, S. (2023) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4425678 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Peer review: the case for neutral language.
Parsons, C., & Baglini, R. (2021) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2021.05.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Suspected plagiarism in a published manuscript
Wager, E. (2006) · doi:10.24318/cope.2019.2.2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- [3]Anderson R Vines T Miles J SSP conference debate: AI and the integrity of scholarly publishing The Scholarly Kitchen 2023 6 27 2023-07-05 https://tinyurl.com/yxy9w2ah
- [18]Editorial Director Copyright, licensing, attribution of TOC images JMIR Publications 2023 2023-07-05 https://support.jmir.org/hc/en-us/articles/115001352708-Copyright-Licensing-Attribution-of-TOC-images
- [19]JMIR Copyediting Team How should the "Acknowledgments" section be formatted? JMIR Publications 2023 2023-07-05 https://support.jmir.org/hc/en-us/articles/360015982471-How-should-the-Acknowledgments-section-be-formatted-
- [25]Peer-review (FAQs for reviewers) JMIR Publications 2023-08-04 https://support.jmir.org/hc/en-us/sections/115000390167-Peer-Review-FAQs-for-Reviewers-
- [29]Editorial Director What are JMIR Preprints? JMIR Publications 2023 2023-07-07 https://support.jmir.org/hc/en-us/articles/115001350367-What-are-JMIR-Preprints-
- [30]Editorial Director What is open peer-review? JMIR Publications 2023 2023-07-07 https://support.jmir.org/hc/en-us/articles/115001908868-What-is-open-peer-review-
- [31]JMIR Editorial Team (For reviewers) how to write a high-quality peer review JMIR Publications 2023 2023-07-24 https://support.jmir.org/hc/en-us/articles/16470162812827
- [33]Publishing ethics Elsevier 2023-07-24 https://beta.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/publishing-ethics
- [34]Taylor & Francis Editor Resources 2020 2023-07-24 https://tinyurl.com/4dwu7p4s
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Miao, J., Thongprayoon, C., Suppadungsuk, S., Garcia Valencia, O. A., Qureshi, F., & Cheungpasitporn, W. (2023) · Clinics and Practice · doi:10.3390/clinpract14010008 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence in Peer Review: Enhancing Efficiency While Preserving Integrity
Doskaliuk, B., Zimba, O., Yessirkepov, M., Klishch, I., & Yatsyshyn, R. (2025) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e92 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Suchikova, Y., Tsybuliak, N., Teixeira da Silva, J. A., & Nazarovets, S. (2026) · Accountability in Research · doi:10.1080/08989621.2025.2544331 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Large Language Models in Biomedical and Health Informatics: A Review with Bibliometric Analysis
Yu, H., Fan, L., Li, L., Zhou, J., Ma, Z., Xian, L., Hua, W., He, S., Jin, M., Zhang, Y., et al. (2024) · Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research · doi:10.1007/s41666-024-00171-8 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Inam, M., Sheikh, S. S., Minhas, A. M. K., Vaughan, E. M., Krittanawong, C., Samad, Z. Z., Lavie, C. J., Khoja, A. A., D'Cruze, M., Slipczuk, L. N., et al. (2024) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102387 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Exploring the Impact of Generative AI on Peer Review: Insights from Journal Reviewers
Ebadi, S., Nejadghanbar, H., Salman, A. R., & Khosravi, H. (2025) · Journal of Academic Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10805-025-09604-4 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Large language models for automated scholarly paper review: A survey
Zhuang, Z., Chen, J., Xu, H., Jiang, Y., & Lin, J. (2025) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2025.103332 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
What Does ChatGPT Mean for Qualitative Health Research ?
van Manen, M. (2023) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/10497323231210816 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hutson, J. (2025) · International Journal of Changes in Education · doi:10.47852/bonviewijce52024908 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The contribution of GenAI to business analytics
Salazar, A. J., & Kunc, M. H. (2025) · Journal of Business Analytics · doi:10.1080/2573234x.2024.2435835 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hu, J., Li, C., Ge, Y., Yang, J., Zhu, S., & He, C. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/58987 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Yin, S., Huang, S., Xue, P., Xu, Z., Lian, Z., Ye, C., Ma, S., Liu, M., Hu, Y., Lu, P., et al. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-03899-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Kocak, B., Onur, M. R., Park, S. H., Baltzer, P., & Dietzel, M. (2025) · European Journal of Radiology Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.ejrai.2025.100018 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
AI-powered peer review needs human supervision
Seghier, M. L. (2025) · Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society · doi:10.1108/jices-09-2024-0132 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Silva, G. S., Khera, R., Schwamm, L. H., Acampa, M., Adelman, E. E., Boltze, J., Broderick, J. P., Brodtmann, A. G., Christensen, H., Dalli, L. L., et al. (2024) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.124.045012 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Detection of ChatGPT fake science with the xFakeSci learning algorithm
Hamed, A. A., & Wu, X. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66784-6 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A survey analysis of the adoption of large language models among pathologists
Laohawetwanit, T., Pinto, D. G., & Bychkov, A. (2024) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqae093 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Benefits and Challenges of Using AI for Peer Review: A Study on Researchers’ Perceptions
Giray, L. (2024) · The Serials librarian · doi:10.1080/0361526x.2024.2428377 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Gawlik-Kobylińska, M. (2024) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci14101132 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
ChatGPT isn’t an author, but a contribution taxonomy is needed
Suchikova, Y., & Tsybuliak, N. (2024) · Accountability in Research · doi:10.1080/08989621.2024.2405039 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A large-scale randomized study of large language model feedback in peer review
Thakkar, N., Yuksekgonul, M., Silberg, J., Garg, A., Peng, N., Sha, F., Yu, R., Vondrick, C., & Zou, J. (2026) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-026-01188-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Generative Artificial Intelligence and Usage in Academia
Yoşumaz, İ. (2025) · Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.18069/firatsbed.1423208 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
AI in peer review: Publishing’s panacea or a pandora’s box of problems?
Nath, K. A., Conway, M., & Fonseca, R. (2024) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.11.013 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Generative AI and scientific manuscript peer review
Hoyt, R., Limon, A., & Chang, A. C. (2025) · Intelligence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ibmed.2025.100246 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bandeira, A., Gonçalves, L. H. D. N., Holl, F., Shaibu, J. U., Gonçalves, M. L., Payinda, R., Paudel, S., Berionni, A., WFPHA, Y., Purnat, T. D., et al. (2025) · JMIR Infodemiology · doi:10.2196/69474 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Rajakumar, H. K., Sankaran, K. A., Ashok, M. P., & Rachoori, S. (2026) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1093/postmj/qgag005 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence in academic practices and policy discourses across ‘Big 5’ publishers
Lendvai, G. F., & Petra, A. (2026) · Research Evaluation · doi:10.1093/reseval/rvag004 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
AI in Academic Writing: Ally or Foe?
William, F. K. A. (2024) · International Journal of Research Publications · doi:10.47119/ijrp1001481520246427 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Erden, M., Chiappetti, A., & Kho, R. M. (2026) · Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2026.02.014 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Editorial policies for use and acknowledgment of artificial intelligence in dental journals
de Queiroz, A. B. L., Sartori, L. R. M., Lima, G. D. S., & Moraes, R. R. (2025) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105923 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Schneider, D. M., Mishra, A., Gluski, J. M., Shah, H., Ward, M., Brown, E. D. L., Sciubba, D. M., & Lo, S.-F. L. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.79086 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
AI and Library and Information Science Publishing: A Survey of Journal Editors
Hosier, A., & Cantwell, L. (2025) · Library trends · doi:10.1353/lib.2025.a961194 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Szanyi, J., Abdulhaq, H. A., Hegyi, R. M., Gál, T., Szabó, É., Lossos, L., & Tóth, E. (2026) · Water · doi:10.3390/w18060724 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Responsible Use of Large Language Models in Manuscript Preparation
Mijatović, A., Žuljević, M. F., Ursić, L., & Marušić, A. (2026) · Current Protocols · doi:10.1002/cpz1.70300 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Navigating the complexities of artificial intelligence in scientific writing: a dual perspective
Levin, G., Piedimonte, S., & Zand, B. (2024) · International Journal of Gynecological Cancer · doi:10.1136/ijgc-2024-005691 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Linardon, J., Thomas, J. J., Crow, S. J., Ghaderi, A., Hilbert, A., Klump, K. L., Wade, T. D., Walsh, B. T., & Weissman, R. S. (2025) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24543 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Can LLM feedback enhance review quality? A randomized study of 20K reviews at ICLR 2025
Thakkar, N., Yuksekgonul, M., Silberg, J., Garg, A., Peng, N., Sha, F., Yu, R., Vondrick, C., & Zou, J. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2504.09737 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Other studies have shown the potential of LLMs to make the entire review pipeline more efficient across various stages [32, 33, 34, 35] such as writing manuscripts [36], initial quality control [37, 38, 27], and even providing AI-generated instructions for how to write reviews [39].”
LLMs in Peer Review—How Publishing Policies Must Advance
Leung, T. I. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.52042 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationOu, P., Wen, R., Deng, L., Shi, L., Liang, H., Wang, J., & Liu, C. (2024) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-024-11127-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Demographics and Use of an Addiction Helpline for Concerned Significant Others: Observational Study
Chernick, R., Sy, A., Dauber, S. E., Vuolo, L., Allen, B., & Muench, F. J. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/55621 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ethical use of artificial intelligence (AI) in scholarly writing
Clark, T. A. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Surgical Nursing · doi:10.1177/23320249251343881 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Charbonneau, D. H., & Zhang, M. (2026) · Accountability in Research · doi:10.1080/08989621.2026.2632083 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
AI humanizers and the crisis of information integrity: implications for scientific writing
Giray, L. (2026) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-026-05200-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Is ChatGPT a Reliable Ghostwriter?
Buvat, I., & Weber, W. (2024) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.124.268341 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Digital Mental Health Research Priorities, Revisited for the AI and Large Language Model Era
Birk, M. V., Kochhar, S., Myrick, K., Schueller, S. M., & Torous, J. B. (2026) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/104118 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Miller, A. S., Tyagi, A., Sudah, S. Y., Rompala, A., Nicholson, A. D., Srikumaran, U., & Menendez, M. E. (2025) · JSES International · doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.05.027 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Matthes, J., & Vranken, S. (2025) · Communication and Change · doi:10.1007/s44382-025-00019-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
From ‘exceptionalism’ to authors’ rights: Fairer publishing policies for more impactful science
da Silva, J. A. T., Yamada, Y., Türp, J. C., & Daly, T. P. (2025) · Ethics Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101219 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ursachi, T. M., & Dascălu, M.-I. (2025) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics14244955 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dore, M. P., Merola, E., Lasaracina, G., & Pes, G. M. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15062215 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Brini, S., & Leung, T. I. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/92132 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationNazari, A., Askari, A., Foroushani, A. R., & Garmaroudi, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1377760 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ma, S. P., Rohatgi, N., & Chen, J. H. (2024) · Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.1002/jhm.13404 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Anthuvan, T., Nagendra, L., Lakhani, O., Prabhuram, S., Rizvi, A. H., Maheshwari, K., & Kalra, S. (2025) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5394918 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The future is now: Navigating artificial intelligence’s role in peer review
Khoshhal, K. I. (2025) · Journal of Musculoskeletal Surgery and Research · doi:10.25259/jmsr_272_2025 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Buitrago, J., Campos, E. M., & Romero, C. L. V. (2025) · Investigación Bibliotecológica Archivonomía Bibliotecología e Información · doi:10.22201/iibi.24488321xe.2025.104.59032 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The ethics of using artificial intelligence in writing medical research papers
Yu, S., & Hwang, H. (2025) · Kosin Medical Journal · doi:10.7180/kmj.25.141 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The New Editorial Gatekeepers: Understanding LLM-Based Interfaces, Their Benefits, Risks and Design
Floridi, L. (2026) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-026-01068-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Aydin, M. O., Vatansever, A., & Kafa, S. E. (2026) · Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.32708/uutfd.1870116 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gruszczyński, D., Nijakowski, K., Halupczok-Żyła, J., Ruchała, M., Walkowiak, J., & Sawicka‐Gutaj, N. (2026) · Journal of Medical Science · doi:10.20883/medical.e1571 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ethical Principles of Clinical and Translational Research
Chen, N. L., & Sng, B. L. (2024) · Anesthesiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.anclin.2024.01.003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bertolo, R. G., Campi, R., Zaorsky, N. G., Antonelli, A., Serni, S., Crestani, A., & Giannarini, G. (2024) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/bju.16573 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Arca, G., Arnáez, J., & Martínez-Biarge, M. (2024) · Anales de Pediatría · doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2024.503696 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Commentary on “Top nine pitfalls to avoid when writing a journal peer review report”
Khalifa, A. A. (2025) · Journal of Musculoskeletal Surgery and Research · doi:10.25259/jmsr_139_2025 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Establishing a policy statement on the use of artificial intelligence in neurosurgery
Mohamed, A. A., Das, N., Still, M. E., Sharma, A. M., Lucke-Wold, B. P., Schirmer, C. M., Pirris, S. M., Adogwa, O., Prevedello, D. M., & Vessell, M. (2025) · Neurosurgical Review · doi:10.1007/s10143-025-03745-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ervens, B., Carslaw, K. S., Koop, T., & Pöschl, U. (2025) · EGUsphere · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2025-419 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Li, W., Liu, X., Zhang, Q., Shi, L., Zhang, J.-X., Zhang, X., Luan, J., Li, Y., Xu, T., Zhang, R., et al. (2026) · Accountability in Research · doi:10.1080/08989621.2025.2481943 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ziyang, X. (2025) · Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/pra2.1297 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cheng, P.-J., Hu, F., Chen, L.-Y., Liu, J.-Y., Wu, J., & Chen, W. (2025) · Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.4103/tjo.tjo-d-25-00072 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Evaluating AI toolchains for systematic literature reviews using a rubric-based workflow approach
Biju, N., Sinha, A., Saini, S., Beniwal, G., & Das, S. (2025) · Discover Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00628-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Abubakar, P. S., & Adan, M. Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1711539 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sharma, N. K., & Sarode, S. C. (2026) · Discover Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s44163-026-01013-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Linardon, J., Messer, M., Anderson, C., Soliman, O. M., Liu, C., Firth, J., & Torous, J. B. (2026) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-026-00630-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
David, N. V. (2025) · Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-56848-0_13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Maintaining research integrity when using AI in Research
Woodhams, J. H. (2025) · doi:10.37672/ukrio.2025.06.maintainingriwhenusingai · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Woodhams, J. H., Parry, J. M., & Scott, J. A. G. (2025) · doi:10.37672/ukrio.2025.06.embracingaiwithintegrity · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Human Dignity and Scientific Integrity: Using Artificial Intelligence in Scholarly Writing
Haines, S. T. (2026) · JACCP JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY · doi:10.1002/jac5.70236 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Developing the HAKI model as a conceptual framework for AI-assisted academic research
Shahini, A. (2026) · Discover Education · doi:10.1007/s44217-026-02041-4
“…strong support for transparent disclosure reflects emerging recommendations within the scholarly community advocating that authors explicitly acknowledge the use of AI tools during manuscript preparation in order to preserve transparency and maintain trust in scholarly communication [38, 52].”
Balasubramanian, K., O’Connor, D., Gülsuna, B., Srinivasan, V. M., Donoho, D. A., Sader, N., & Graffeo, C. S. (2026) · Journal of Neurological Surgery Reports · doi:10.1055/a-2964-9336
Are Human Peer Reviewers Still the Bedrock of Scientific Publications?
Munro, L. (2023) · South African Radiographer · doi:10.54450/saradio.2023.61.2.813
Large Language Models in Academic Publishing
Thiga, M. M. (2023) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-0487-7.ch009
Adoption of AI-Powered Chatbots with Large Language Models by PathologistsPreprint
Bychkov, A., Laohawetwanit, T., & Pinto, D. G. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.04.05.24305405
Enhancing Scientific Rigor With Editorial Roles and AI
Papadopoulou, P., & Lytras, M. D. (2024) · Advances in medical technologies and clinical practice book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-4422-4.ch003
Glez-Morcillo, C. (2025) · Anales de Pediatría (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.anpede.2025.503696
'A pause, and we continue': reflection on the roadmap for the development of Veterinary Record Open.
Durán, S. M. (2025) · The Veterinary Record · doi:10.1002/vetr.5463
Castonguay, A., Hegg-Deloye, S., Paré, G., & Sosso, F. A. E. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.77051
Normas para autores sobre uso de inteligencia artificial en revistas de e-learning en Scimago
Martínez, Ó. G., Tambini, J. E., & Perdomo, B. (2025) · Encontros Bibli Revista Eletrônica de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação · doi:10.5007/1518-2924.2025.e103944
Azevedo, N. H., & dos Santos, P. G. F. (2025) · Ensaio · doi:10.1590/1983-2117-59484t
Azevedo, N. H., & dos Santos, P. G. F. (2025) · Ensaio · doi:10.1590/1983-2117-59484
Harrath, A. E. (2025) · International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies · doi:10.36892/ijlts.v6i3.593
Burch, B. F., Kim, N., McPherson, R., Anokye, D., Ryan, A. S., Addison, O. R., Roy, N., Huang, C.-M., Galik, E. M., & Resnick, B. M. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.81840
Malki, K. H. (2025) · Saudi Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.4103/sjoh.sjoh_8_25
Can Free AI Tools Replace Statistical Software in Data Analysis?
Lippi, G. (2025) · LabMed · doi:10.3390/labmed2040027
Maintaining Academic Integrity in the Era of Large Language Models
Hidayati, N. N., Santosa, A., Nurfadhilah, E., Latief, A. D., Komariah, K. S., Jarin, A., Pebiana, S., Wabula, Y., Fajri, R., & Sampurno, T. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-0250-8.ch005
Large language models in academic writing
Yeh, E. A., Levy, M., Hawkes, C. H., Lechner‐Scott, J., & Giovannoni, G. (2025) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2025.106945
JACCP in 2026: The Evolution of Scholarly Publishing Continues
Haines, S. T. (2026) · JACCP JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY · doi:10.1002/jac5.70161
Wallace, J. J., Perino, J., & Katzarska-Miller, I. I. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-3000-6.ch004 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Perceptions and Intentions of Nursing Students Regarding Digital Health: Cross-Sectional Study
Castonguay, A., Hegg-Deloye, S., Paré, G., & Sosso, F. A. E. (2026) · JMIR Nursing · doi:10.2196/77051
Smart Glasses for Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment: Explanatory Mixed Methods Study
Burch, B., Kim, N., McPherson, R., Anokye, D., Ryan, A. S., Addison, O. R., Roy, N., Huang, C.-M., Galik, E. M., & Resnick, B. M. (2026) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/81840
- Authors
- Leung, T. I., de Azevedo Cardoso, T., Mavragani, A., & Eysenbach, G.
- Affiliations
- SIU Medicine (US)
- JMIR Publications (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Leung, Tiffany I
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Internet Research
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2023-08-31
- Volume
- 25
- Pages
- e51584
- ISSN
- 1438-8871 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10502596
- OpenAlex
- W4386306053
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 4
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Internet Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Publishing and Scholarly Communication
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Academic Publishing and Open Access
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Keywords
- generative AI, AI ethics, scholarly publishing, editorial policy, peer review, manuscript authorship, chatbots, AI-generated text
- MeSH terms
- Artificial Intelligence, Authorship, Humans, Language, Software, Editorial Policies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
