Nurses' Perceptions and Practices Toward Clinical Alarms in a Transplant Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: Exploring Key Issues Leading to Alarm Fatigue
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Intensive care units (ICUs) are complex work environments where false alarms occur more frequently than on non-critical care units. The Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goal .06.01.01 targeted improving the safety of clinical alarm systems and required health care facilities to establish alarm systems safety as a hospital priority by July 2014. An important initial step toward this requirement is identifying ICU nurses' perceptions and common clinical practices toward clinical alarms, where little information is available. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine perceptions and practices of transplant/cardiac ICU (TCICU) nurses toward clinical alarms and benchmark the results against the 2011 Healthcare Technology Foundation's (HTF) Clinical Alarms Committee Survey. METHODS: A quality improvement project was conducted on a 20-bed TCICU with 39 full- and part-time nurses. Nurses were surveyed about their perceptions and attitudes toward and practices on clinical alarms using an adapted HTF clinical alarms survey. Results were compared to the 2011 HTF data. Correlations among variables were examined. RESULTS: All TCICU nurses provided usable responses (N=39, 100%). Almost all nurses (95%-98%) believed that false alarms are frequent, disrupt care, and reduce trust in alarm systems, causing nurses to inappropriately disable them. Unlike the 2011 HTF clinical alarms survey results, a significantly higher percentage of our TCICU nurses believed that existing devices are complex, questioned the ability and adequacy of the new monitoring systems to solve alarm management issues, pointed to the lack of prompt response to alarms, and indicated the lack of clinical policy on alarm management (P<.01). Major themes in the narrative data focused on nurses' frustration related to the excessive number of alarms and poor usability of the cardiac monitors. A lack of standardized approaches exists in changing patients' electrodes and individualizing parameters. Around 60% of nurses indicated they received insufficient training on bedside and central cardiac monitors. A correlation also showed the need for training on cardiac monitors, specifically for older nurses (P=.01). CONCLUSIONS: False and non-actionable alarms continue to desensitize TCICU nurses, perhaps resulting in missing fatal alarms. Nurses' attitudes and practices related to clinical alarms are key elements for designing contextually sensitive quality initiatives to fight alarm fatigue. Alarm management in ICUs is a multidimensional complex process involving usability of monitoring devices, and unit, clinicians, training, and policy-related factors. This indicates the need for a multi-method approach to decrease alarm fatigue and improve alarm systems safety.
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Several strategies have been developed to reduce false alarms in the ICU, but implementation into clinical routine is still lacking.
“Although several strategies have been developed to reduce false alarms in the ICU [12,28-31], implementation into a clinical routine is still lacking.”
From Clinical requirements of future patient monitoring in the intensive care unit: qualitative study (2019) · cites this paper as [30]
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Operationalizing Centralized Monitoring Models Across Health Systems
Hassell, A., Welsh, C. W., Lopez, L., Lopez, V., Mitchell, K., Powell, M., Brannigan, S., Garber, A., Anderson, E. M., Policicchio, B., et al. (2026) · Nurse Leader · doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2026.102839
- Authors
- Sowan, A. K., Tarriela, A. F., Gomez, T. M., Reed, C. C., & Rapp, K. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- University Health System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sowan, Azizeh Khaled
- Venue
- JMIR Human Factors
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2015-03-16
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e3
- ISSN
- 2292-9495 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4797660
- OpenAlex
- W2018460907
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 8.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR Human Factors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Patient Safety and Medication Errors
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Medical Laboratory Technology › Quality and Safety in Healthcare
- Keywords
- alarm fatigue, clinical alarm systems, false alarms, nurses' perceptions, alarm management, cardiac monitor, older nurses, patient safety, missed alarms
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