A thematic analysis of stigma and disclosure for perinatal depression on an online forum
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Perinatal mental illness is a global health concern; however, many women do not get the treatment they need to recover. Some women choose not to seek professional help and get no treatment because they feel stigmatized. Online forums for various health conditions, including perinatal mental health, can be beneficial for members. Little is known about the role that online forums for perinatal mental illness play in reducing stigma and subsequent disclosure of symptoms to health care providers and treatment uptake. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine stigma and disclosure in forums and describe any potential disadvantages of forum use. METHODS: An online forum for mothers was examined and 1546 messages extracted from 102 threads from the antenatal and postnatal depression section. These messages were subjected to deductive systematic thematic analysis to identify common themes regarding stigma and disclosure of symptoms and potential disadvantages of forum use. RESULTS: Two major themes were identified: stigma and negative experiences of disclosure. Stigma had 3 subthemes: internal stigma, external stigma, and treatment stigma. Many women were concerned about feeling like a "bad" or "failed" mother and worried that if they disclosed their symptoms to a health care provider they would be stigmatized. Posts in response to this frequently encouraged women to disclose their symptoms to health care providers and accept professional treatment. Forum discourse reconstructed the ideology of motherhood as compatible with perinatal mental illness, especially if the woman sought help and adhered to treatment. Many women overcame stigma and replied that they had taken advice and disclosed to a health care provider and/or taken treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Forum use may increase women's disclosure to health care providers by challenging their internal and external stigma and this may strengthen professional treatment uptake and adherence. However, a few posts described negative experiences when disclosing to health care providers.
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Stigma is considered a major barrier to disclosure and seeking help.
“Stigma is also considered a major barrier to disclosure and seeking help (27, 39, 40).”
From Acceptance, experiences, and needs of hospitalized pregnant women toward an electronic mindfulness-based intervention: A pilot mixed-methods study (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
Moore et al. found that many women feared feeling like a "bad" or "failed" mother (internal stigma) and feared being stigmatized if they disclosed their symptoms to a health care provider (external stigma); some participants described negative experiences after disclosing information to health care providers.
“Moore et al. found that many women feared feeling like a “bad” or “failed” mother (internal stigma) and feared being stigmatized if they disclosed their symptoms to a health care provider (external stigma). In that study, some participants also described negative experiences after disclosing information to health care providers (40).”
From Acceptance, experiences, and needs of hospitalized pregnant women toward an electronic mindfulness-based intervention: A pilot mixed-methods study (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
A major barrier to disclosure of perinatal depression symptoms appears to be internal and external stigmatization from health care providers and stigma from treatment.
“A major barrier to disclosure of perinatal depression symptoms also appears to be the internal and external stigmatization from health care providers and stigma from treatment.”
From Acceptance, experiences, and needs of hospitalized pregnant women toward an electronic mindfulness-based intervention: A pilot mixed-methods study (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
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- Authors
- Moore, D., Ayers, S., & Drey, N.
- Affiliations
- City, University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Moore, Donna
- Venue
- JMIR Mental Health
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2016-05-19
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e18
- ISSN
- 2368-7959 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4909386
- OpenAlex
- W2396885184
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 6.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR Mental Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- City Research Online (City University London) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
- Keywords
- perinatal depression, stigma, disclosure, online forums, motherhood ideology, treatment uptake, help-seeking, self-stigma, external stigma, antenatal depression, postpartum depression, maternal experience
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