Assessment of Physical Activity by Wearable Technology During Rehabilitation After Cardiac Surgery: Explorative Prospective Monocentric Observational Cohort Study
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Wearable technology is finding its way into clinical practice. Physical activity describes patients' functional status after cardiac surgery and can be monitored remotely by using dedicated trackers. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the progress of physical activity in cardiac rehabilitation by using wearable fitness trackers in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery by either the conventional off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) or the robotically assisted minimally invasive coronary artery bypass (RA-MIDCAB). We hypothesized faster recovery of physical activity after RA-MIDCAB in the first weeks after discharge as compared to OPCAB. METHODS: Patients undergoing RA-MIDCAB or OPCAB were included in the study. Each patient received a Fitbit Charge HR (Fitbit Inc, San Francisco, CA) physical activity tracker following discharge. Rehabilitation progress was assessed by measuring the number of steps and physical activity level daily. The physical activity level was calculated as energy expenditure divided by the basic metabolic rate. RESULTS: A total of 10 RA-MIDCAB patients with a median age of 68 (min, 55; max, 83) years and 12 OPCAB patients with a median age of 69 (min, 50; max, 82) years were included. Baseline characteristics were comparable except for body mass index (RA-MIDCAB: 26 kg/m²; min, 22; max, 28 versus OPCAB: 29 kg/m²; min, 27; max, 33; P<.001). Intubation time (P<.05) was significantly lower in the RA-MIDCAB group. A clear trend, although not statistically significant, was observed towards a higher number of steps in RA-MIDCAB patients in the first week following discharge. CONCLUSIONS: RA-MIDCAB patients have an advantage in recovery in the first weeks of revalidation, which is reflected by the number of steps and physical activity level measured by the Fitbit Charge HR, as compared to OPCAB patients. However, unsupervised assessment of daily physical activity varied widely and could have consequences with regard to the use of these trackers as research tools.
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The included studies emphasized the growing wearable use, which is also reflected in commercially available devices.
“The included studies also emphasized the growing wearable use [147,195,197], which is also reflected in commercially available devices [38-40].”
From The impact of wearable technologies in health research: scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [195]
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- Authors
- Thijs, I., Fresiello, L., Oosterlinck, W., Sinnaeve, P., & Rega, F.
- Affiliations
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven (BE)
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Thijs, Isabeau
- Venue
- JMIR mHealth and uHealth
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2019-01-31
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e9865
- ISSN
- 2291-5222 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6374731
- OpenAlex
- W2904576400
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 2.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR mhealth and uhealth (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- wearable activity trackers, physical activity monitoring, cardiac rehabilitation, coronary artery bypass grafting, off-pump coronary artery bypass, postoperative recovery, step count, energy expenditure, remote patient monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Coronary Artery Bypass, Belgium, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, Prospective Studies, Rehabilitation, Cohort Studies, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Treatment Outcome, Statistics, Nonparametric
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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