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Cited by 425

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Kidney Stones and the Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease

Open access
Rule, Andrew D., Bergstralh, Eric J., Melton, L. Joseph, Li, Xujian, Weaver, Amy L., Lieske, John C.·2009·Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Kidney stones lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people with rare hereditary disorders (e.g., primary hyperoxaluria, cystinuria), but it is unknown whether kidney stones are an important risk factor for CKD in the general population. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: Among Olmsted County, MN, residents, all stone formers (n = 4774) whose condition was diagnosed in 1986 through 2003 were matched 1:3 to control subjects (n = 12,975). Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, gender, and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, gout, alcohol abuse, tobacco use, coronary artery disease, heart failure, cerebral infarct, and peripheral vascular disease) were used to assess the risk for incident CKD defined as a clinical diagnosis (diagnostic codes), ESRD or death with CKD, sustained (>90 d) elevated serum creatinine (>1.3 mg/dl in men, >1.1 mg/dl in women), or sustained estimated GFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). RESULTS: During a mean of 8.6 yr of follow-up, stone formers were at increased risk for a clinical diagnosis of CKD, but an increased risk for ESRD or death with CKD was NS. Among patients with follow-up serum creatinine levels, stone formers were at increased risk for a sustained elevated serum creatinine and a sustained reduced GFR. CONCLUSIONS: Kidney stones are a risk factor for CKD, and studies are warranted to assess screening and preventive measures for CKD in stone formers.

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Metadata

Authors
Rule, A. D., Bergstralh, E. J., Melton, L. J., Li, X., Weaver, A. L., & Lieske, J. C.
Venue
Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
Published
2009-04
Volume
4
Issue
4
Pages
804-811
ISSN
1555-9041 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1993462736
Cited by
425
References
29
FWCI
18.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Kidney Stones and the Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2215/cjn.05811108
The paper
Rule, A. D., Bergstralh, E. J., Melton, L. J., Li, X., Weaver, A. L., & Lieske, J. C. (2009). Kidney Stones and the Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.05811108

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