Secondhand smoke and CKD
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Visual Abstract Export Background and objectives Active smoking is associated with higher risk of various diseases. However, the risk of CKD development in nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke is not well elucidated. We aimed to investigate the association between secondhand smoke exposure and the risk of CKD development among never-smokers. Design, setting, participants, & measurements A total of 131,196 never-smokers with normal kidney function, who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study from 2001 to 2014, were analyzed. The participants were classified into three groups on the basis of frequency of secondhand smoke exposure, assessed with survey questionnaires; no exposure, <3 days per week, and ≥3 days per week. The association between secondhand smoke and CKD, defined as eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, was examined in the cross-sectional analysis. In addition, the risk of incident CKD development was analyzed in a longitudinal cohort of 1948 participants without CKD at baseline, which was a subset of the main cohort. Results The mean age of participants was 53 years, and 75% were women. Prevalent CKD was observed in 231 (1.8%), 64 (1.7%), and 2280 (2.0%) participants in the ≥3 days per week, <3 days per week, and no exposure groups. The odds ratio (OR) of prevalent CKD was significantly higher in the groups exposed to secondhand smoke than the no exposure group (<3 days per week: OR, 1.72; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.30 to 2.27; and ≥3 days per week: OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.70). During a mean follow-up of 104 months, CKD occurred in 319 (16%) participants. Multivariable Cox analysis revealed that the risk for CKD development was higher in participants exposed to secondhand smoke than the no exposure group (<3 days per week: hazard ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.96 to 2.65; and ≥3 days per week: hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.67). Conclusions Exposure to secondhand smoke was associated with a higher prevalence of CKD as well as development of incident CKD.
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Secondhand smoke exposure increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in the general population, and associations of such events with incidence of kidney disease have also been reported.
“Secondhand smoke exposure increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in the general population, and associations of such events with incidence of kidney disease have also been reported.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [180]
The Introduction reports an association between secondhand smoke exposure and higher cardiovascular disease risk. The incident-CKD results report an association between secondhand smoke exposure and kidney disease in a cohort of never-smoking adults, but do not report an association between cardiovascular events and incident kidney disease. The claim also states increased risk more definitively than the paper's association evidence warrants. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPopulation-based studies note that exposure to secondhand smoke is associated with a higher prevalence of kidney disease and the development of incident kidney disease.
“Population-based studies note that exposure to secondhand smoke is associated with a higher prevalence of kidney disease and the development of incident kidney disease.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [180]
Recent data highlight the relationship of secondhand smoke with kidney disease.
“Recent data also highlight the relationship of secondhand smoke with kidney disease.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [180]
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- Authors
- Jhee, J. H., Joo, Y. S., Kee, Y. K., Jung, S.-Y., Park, S., Yoon, C.-Y., Han, S. H., Yoo, T.-H., Kang, S.-W., & Park, J. T.
- Affiliations
- Inha University (KR)
- Hallym University (KR)
- Yonsei University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Jung, Su-Young
- Park, Seohyun
- Park, Jung Tak
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
- Published
- 2019-03-07
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 515-522
- ISSN
- 1555-9041 (ISSN-L)
- 1555-905X
- PMC
- PMC6450336
- OpenAlex
- W2921385468
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 4.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- YUHSpace (Yonsei University Medical Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (4851-302)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Keywords
- passive smoking, chronic kidney disease, never smokers, CKD prevalence, incident CKD risk, estimated glomerular filtration rate, Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, environmental tobacco smoke, renal function decline, Korean adults, tobacco control policy evaluation, tobacco control
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
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