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Cited by 2Nursing care and researchPalliative and Oncologic CarePalliative Care and End-of-Life Issues

Sobrecarga del cuidador primario de pacientes con cáncer terminal

Open access
Soriano Ursúa, Irving G., Castrejón Salgado, Ricardo, Ávila Jiménez, Laura, León Mazón, Marco A., Toledano Jaimes, Cairo D., Albavera Hernández, Cidronio, Medina Galicia, Cinthya Nayeli, Espín Paredes, Elena·2022·Atención Familiar
DOI 10.22201/fm.14058871p.2022.2.82030
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Abstract

Objetivo: identificar factores asociados y nivel de sobrecarga del cuidador primario de pacientes con cáncer terminal. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, se evaluaron 151 cuidadores primarios de pacientes con cáncer terminal, de mayo a noviembre de 2018, atendidos en el Hospital General Regional con Medicina Familiar No. 1 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. La sobrecarga se evaluó mediante la Escala de Zarit. Para el análisis se calcularon frecuencias, porcentajes, medianas y límites. Para la comparación entre variables se utilizó la prueba estadística de χ2 o exacta de Fisher y U de Mann Whitney. Se realizó estadística inferencial mediante ajuste de un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: 33.77% tenía sobrecarga del cuidador primario. El cáncer urológico y ginecológico se relacionó con mayor sobrecarga. En el análisis multivariado se encontró que cuando el cuidador primario es un hijo, aumenta 4.45 veces más la posibilidad de sobrecarga, así como el hecho de ser familiar de segundo y tercer grado (4.37 veces); la escolaridad básica-preparatoria y licenciatura reduce la posibilidad de sobrecarga un 89% y 93%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: un número importante de cuidadores primarios presentó sobrecarga, el factor asociado fue el parentesco, dicha sobrecarga disminuye cuando hay una mayor preparación académica.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

In a cross-sectional study of 151 primary caregivers of terminal cancer patients in Cuernavaca, Mexico, 33.77% had caregiver burden on the Zarit scale. Being a child caregiver or a second/third-degree relative increased odds of burden, while higher education was protective.

Key findings

  • 33.77% (51/151) of primary caregivers had burden; 66.23% (100/151) did not.
  • In adjusted logistic regression, being a child caregiver increased burden odds (OR 4.45; 95% CI 1.53–12.93; p=0.005), as did being a second/third-degree relative (OR 4.37; 95% CI 1.12–16.98; p=0.03).
  • Basic/preparatory education (OR 0.11; 95% CI 0.02–0.65; p=0.01) and higher education (OR 0.07; 95% CI 0.007–0.64; p=0.01) reduced burden odds; the abstract reports reductions of 89% and 93%, respectively.
  • Sex, age, living with a partner, caregiver comorbidities, cancer type, and time providing care were not statistically significant in the adjusted model; urologic cancer had a higher proportion in the burden group (25.5% vs 11%) but type of cancer was not statistically significant in bivariate analysis.

Methods

  • Cross-sectional analytic study conducted May–November 2018 with 151 primary caregivers older than 18 years of patients with terminal cancer referred to palliative care at the Hospital General Regional con Medicina Familiar No. 1, IMSS, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; non-probabilistic quota sampling was used.
  • Burden was assessed with the Zarit Burden Interview (Mexican linguistic validation, Cronbach’s alpha up to 0.90; 29 items; score range 22–110; cutoffs: ≤46 no burden, 47–55 mild burden, ≥56 intense burden).
  • Analysis used Stata v.13: univariate frequencies/percentages and medians, bivariate χ² or Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U, then multiple logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, education, relationship, caregiver comorbidities, cancer type, and time as caregiver.

Limitations

  • Stated: participants came from one geographic area in Morelos and the sample was small, which may limit external validity.
  • Stated: the authors could not adjust for unmeasured confounders such as undeclared drug use, psychiatric disorders, and undiagnosed chronic diseases.
  • Evident: the cross-sectional design cannot establish causality; the authors conclude that studies with greater methodological strength are needed to evaluate causality among these variables.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.22201/fm.14058871p.2022.2.82030

Cites

18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 2 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    Among primary caregivers of patients with terminal cancer in the study, 33.77% had caregiver burden according to the Zarit Scale.

    “33.77% tenía sobrecarga del cuidador primario.”
    • Also stated in: § Resultados · hedged
      “de los 151 cuidadores primarios, aproximadamente una tercera parte tuvo sobrecarga y dos terceras partes no la presentaron”
    • Also stated in: § Resultados · plain
      “Con sobrecarga 51 33.77”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In bivariate analysis, kinship with the patient was not significantly associated with caregiver burden.

    “El sexo, el parentesco con el paciente, la presencia o ausencia de comorbilidades del cuidador, el tipo de cáncer del paciente no se observaron con diferencias estadísticamente significativas”
    • Also stated in: § Discusión · plain
      “Parentesco Cónyuge 41 (41) 15 (29.4) 0.344 Ý Hijo 48 (48) 28 (54.9)Familiares de 2º y 3er grado 11 (11) 8 (15.6)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In bivariate analysis, patient cancer type was not significantly associated with caregiver burden.

    “El sexo, el parentesco con el paciente, la presencia o ausencia de comorbilidades del cuidador, el tipo de cáncer del paciente no se observaron con diferencias estadísticamente significativas”
    • Also stated in: § Discusión · plain
      “Tipo de cáncer Hematopoyético 13 (13) 8 (15.7) 0.083 Ý Gastrointestinal 27 (27) 6 (11.7)Ginecológico 33 (33) 16 (31.4)Urológico 11 (11) 13 (25.5)Otros 16 (16) 8 (15.7)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Basic or preparatory education was associated with an 89% reduction in the adjusted odds of caregiver burden (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02-0.65, p=0.01).

    “escolaridad básica-preparatoria y licenciatura reduce la posibilidad de sobrecarga un 89% y 93%, respectivamente.”
    • Also stated in: § Resultados · plain
      “escolaridad básica, preparatoria rm=0.11(ic 95%; 0.02-0.65,p=0.01)”
    • Also stated in: § Discusión · plain
      “Básica y preparatoria 0.11 0.01 (0.02, 0.65)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In bivariate analysis, caregiver comorbidities were not significantly associated with caregiver burden.

    “El sexo, el parentesco con el paciente, la presencia o ausencia de comorbilidades del cuidador, el tipo de cáncer del paciente no se observaron con diferencias estadísticamente significativas”
    • Also stated in: § Discusión · plain
      “Comorbilidades No 87 (87) 44 (86.3) 0.901 Ý Sí 13 (13) 7 (13.7)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 6

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In this study, sex, age, living with a partner, caregiver pathological history, cancer type, and time of care were not determinants of caregiver burden.

    “En nuestros resultados, el sexo, la edad, el vivir o no con pareja, los antecedentes patológicos del cuidador, el tipo de cáncer y el tiempo de cuidado no fueron factores determinantes para la sobrecarga.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Median caregiver age, patient age, and time of care did not differ significantly between the burden and no-burden groups.

    “Las medianas de edad del cuidador, la edad del paciente y el tiempo de cuidados del paciente no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, ver tabla 2.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In bivariate analysis, education differed significantly between caregivers with and without burden, with higher education associated with lower possibility of burden.

    “encontrando que la escolaridad tuvo diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar estos grupos, los cuidadores con grados de estudio superiores tienen menos posibilidad de tener sobrecarga, contrario a los cuidadores con menor grado de escolaridad.”
    • Also stated in: § Discusión · plain
      “Escolaridad Analfabeta 3 (3) 7 (13.7)0.048 ý Primaria, secundaria y preparatoria 87 (87) 41 (80.4) Superior 10 (10) 3 (5.9)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The Zarit caregiver burden scale used has linguistic validation for the Mexican population with internal consistency up to 0.90 Cronbach's alpha.

    “Se aplicó la escala de carga del cuidador primario de Zarit, instrumento con validación lingüística para población mexicana con una consistencia interna de hasta 0.90 de alfa de Cronbach; 13,14”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [13]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [14]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The inclusion of participants from a specific geographic area of Morelos and the small sample size may limit the external validity of the findings.

    “En el presente estudio identificamos algunas limitaciones, entre ellas están la inclusión de participantes de un área geográfica determinada del estado de Morelos y se tuvo un tamaño de muestra pequeño, lo que pudiera limitar la validez externa de nuestros hallazgos.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The results suggest possible associations between caregiver burden, kinship with the patient, and education level, but studies with greater methodological strength are needed to evaluate causality.

    “Los resultados encontrados nos orientan a posibles asociaciones entre la sobrecarga del cuidador primario, el parentesco con el paciente enfermo y el grado de escolaridad, sin embargo, se necesitan estudios con mayor fortaleza metodológica que nos permitan evaluar causalidad entre dichas variables.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
6 of 6

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Comorbidity counts differ between Tables 1 and 2

    Major

    Table 1 reports 57 caregivers with comorbidities and 94 without. In Table 2, the corresponding groups total 20 with comorbidities (13 + 7) and 131 without (87 + 44).

  • Incorrect percentage for caregivers without comorbidities

    Minor

    Table 1 reports 94 of 151 caregivers without comorbidities as 61.25%; the percentage is 62.25%.

    Reported 61.25 · recomputed 62.251656

2 of 2

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Partida Bush V. La transición demográfica y el pro- ceso de envejecimiento en México. Papeles de pobla- ción. 2005;11:9-27.
  2. Arredondo Garcia J, Carranza Rodríguez N, Váz- quez Cruz M. Transicion epidemiológica. Acta Pe- diatr Mex. 2003;24(1):46-56.
  3. Vera Bolaños M. Revisión crítica a la teoría de la transición epidemiológica. Papeles de población. 2000;6:179-206.
  4. Gonzalez Guerra A, Fonseca Fernandez M, Vallada- res Gonzalez A, López Angulo L. Factores modula- dores de resiliencia y sobrecarga en cuidadores prin- cipales de pacientes oncológicos avanzados. Revista Finlay. 2017;7:26-32.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Soriano Ursúa, I. G., Castrejón Salgado, R., Ávila Jiménez, L., León Mazón, M. A., Toledano Jaimes, C. D., Albavera Hernández, C., Medina Galicia, C. N., & Espín Paredes, E.
Venue
Atención Familiar
Publisher
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
Published
2022-03-30
Volume
29
Issue
2
Pages
85
ISSN
1405-8871 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.22201/fm.14058871p.2022.2.82030
OpenAlex
W4225526777
Semantic Scholar
4f69bc24bdd78172f1a74e9fda871ff3bc76b427
Cited by
2
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2023: 1
FWCI
0.35
Type
journal article
Language
es
Open access
Licence
Locations
Atención Familiar (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative and Oncologic Care
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Keywords
caregiver burden, primary caregivers, terminal cancer, Zarit Burden Interview, family caregivers, caregiver education level, genitourinary cancer, gynecologic cancer

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