Cited by 19History and Politics in Latin AmericaLand Rights and ReformsIndigenous Cultures and History

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 63 sources its claims cite were checked for support.

Disputas por tagua y minas: recursos naturales y propiedad territorial en el Pacífico colombiano, 1870-1930

Open access
Leal, Claudia·2008·Revista Colombiana de Antropología

Abstract

En el Pacífico colombiano no hubo fuertes disputas por la tierra en las últimas décadas del siglo diecinueve y las primeras del veinte, como sucedió en otras partes de Colombia, pero sí hubo conflictos territoriales. Estos estuvieron centrados en el acceso a recursos naturales considerados valiosos: semillas de palma de tagua, oro y platino. Al estudiar estos conflictos este artículo ayuda a comprender por qué la mayoría de la región mantuvo su carácter de baldío de la nación en momentos en que se aceleró la titulación de tierra en otras partes del país. Así, contribuye a entender la particular historia del Pacífico colombiano, que generó las condiciones que favorecieron la titulación colectiva a comunidades negras que estipula la Constitución política de 1991.

Overview

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

In the Colombian Pacific between 1870 and 1930, territorial disputes centered on access to tagua, gold, and platinum rather than on land ownership, so most of the region remained untitled state land. This resource-centered history helps explain why collective black territorial titling became possible after Colombia’s 1991 Constitution.

Key findings

  • Conflicts were over natural resources, not land: tagua collectors fought to keep forests as *baldíos* to preserve communal access, while mining titles affected the subsoil rather than surface property.
  • Mining speculation was extensive but often unproductive: in Chocó between 1909 and 1914 there were 2,148 mining requests yielding 866 titles; by 1920 the intendente said more than half the territory had been titled to mining companies, yet 90% of mines were not being exploited. Henry Granger held 113 mining properties by 1906; Benjamin S. Pray obtained titles to 46 mines between 1888 and 1904.
  • Tagua monopolies mostly failed: an 1878 request for 60 hectares on the Caunapí was denied; an 1889 attempt to claim about 5,000 hectares of tagua-rich land in Cajapí provoked protests; the 1910 Valle River concession was canceled after local and regional pressure and threats of migration.
  • In intensive mining zones, foreign companies gained strong local control but locals retained partial mining: the Timbiquí company owned about 250 km² with around 2,000 residents, and after companies left, Condoto and Timbiquí were titled as collective territories after 1993.

Methods

  • Historical archival study of the Colombian Pacific, focused on black settlement, tagua extraction, and mining speculation from roughly 1870 to 1930.
  • Sources include Archivo General de la Nación funds (Baldíos, Ministerio de Gobierno, Ministerio de Minas), Archivo de la Gobernación del Cauca, notary books from Quibdó, Timbiquí, and Guapi, newspapers, government reports, and foreign consular records.
  • Qualitative analysis of disputes, legislation, concessions, and comparison with Catherine LeGrand’s land-colonization thesis for other parts of Colombia.

Limitations

  • The author states that a complete explanation would require examining the following sixty years after 1930.
  • Some archival records are incomplete: the Cajapí dispute’s outcome is not shown, and the author infers that an 1878 Caunapí request and an “Iscuandecito” document refer to the same land; motives are also inferred in some cases.
  • Evident from the text: tagua conflicts were relatively scarce and did not cover all collection zones, and the analysis concentrates on two intensive mining areas, limiting generalization.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.22380/2539472x.1063

Cites

20 of 20 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

3 of 63 cited sources checked · 1 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

Show all 94 claims

  • Probably not a substantial claim. 33
  • It may state two separate claims as one. 97
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 2
121 of 121
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    En las partes altas de los ríos que drenan la cordillera de los Andes los suelos contienen oro y platino.

    “Pero en las partes altas de los ríos que drenan la cordillera de los Andes los suelos contienen oro y platino”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Los bosques que cubren todo el litoral del Pacífico colombiano han proporcionado materiales demandados desde fuera de la región, como caucho, tagua, madera y palmitos.

    “los bosques que cubren todo el litoral han proporcionado materiales demandados desde fuera de la región, tales como caucho, tagua, madera y palmitos.”
  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    Las prácticas tradicionales de producción de las comunidades negras son sostenibles.

    “La idea de las prácticas tradicionales de producción descansa sobre el supuesto de que son sostenibles.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    La inmensa mayoría de las minas tituladas durante este periodo no fue explotada con tecnología moderna.

    “Dado que la inmensa mayoría de las minas tituladas durante este periodo no fue explotada con tecnología moderna, sus dueños debieron haber dejado de pagar el impuesto anual y así perdieron sus derechos.”
4 of 4

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Brisson citation year differs from bibliography

    Minor

    The text cites Brisson as 1889, but the bibliography lists Brisson's work as published in 1899.

  • El Montaraz is dated 1978 and 1878

    Minor

    The consulted-press list dates El Montaraz to 1978, while a citation in the text dates two issues to 1878.

2 of 2

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 22 references

2 of the 22 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Bakewell, Peter. 1990. “La minería en la Hispanoamérica colonial”. En Leslie Bethell (ed.). Historia de América Latina. América Latina colonia: Economía. 3. Editorial Crítica. Barcelona.
  2. Granger, Henry G. y Edward B. Trewille. 1899. “Mining Districts of Colombia”. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. XXVIII.
  3. Haynor, Genevieve M. 1941. “The history of gold dredging in California, 1848-1940”. M. A. Thesis, University of California. Berkeley.
  4. Leal, Claudia. 2002. “La naturaleza en los estudios sociales”. En Germán Palacio y Astrid Ulloa (eds.). Repensando la naturaleza. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia. Bogotá.
  5. Ragonnet, E. L. 1895. “Journal du Voyage” (manuscrito, Sala de Libros Raros y Manuscritos, Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango, Bogotá).
  6. ––. 1996. “Tuqueros negros del Pacífico sur colombiano”. En Jorge Ignacio del Valle y Eduardo Restrepo (eds.). Renacientes del guandal: “grupos negros” de los ríos Satinga y Sanquianga Pacífico sur colombiano. Biopacífico, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá.
  7. Sharp, William. 1976. Slavery in the Spanish frontier. The Colombian Choco, 1680-1810. University of Oklahoma Press. Oklahoma.
  8. Tovar Pinzón, Hermes, Jorge Tovar Mora y Camilo Tovar Mora (eds.). 1994. Convocatoria al poder del número. Censos y estadísticas de la Nueva Granada, 1750-1830. Archivo General de la Nación. Bogotá.

Cited by

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Metadata

Authors
Leal, C.
Affiliations
Universidad de Los Andes (CO)
Corresponding author
Leal, Claudia
Venue
Revista Colombiana de Antropología
Published
2008-12-15
Volume
44
Issue
2
Pages
409-438
ISSN
  • 0486-6525 (ISSN-L)
  • 2539-472X
OpenAlex
W1486155751
Cited by
19
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 2
FWCI
7.09
Type
journal article
Language
es
Open access
Locations
  • Revista Colombiana de Antropología (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Hispana (submittedVersion)
  • Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › History and Politics in Latin America
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Land Rights and Reforms
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
Keywords
territorial disputes, land tenure, natural resources, gold mining, platinum mining, land titling, communal land tenure, Afro-Colombian communities, Colombian Pacific region, baldíos

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