Temporal trend of perfluorinated compounds in untreated wastewater and surface water in the middle part of the Danube River belonging to the northern part of Serbia
Open accessAbstract
The occurrence and temporal variation of selected priority substances and contaminants of emerging concerns, i.e., eleven perfluorinated compounds (PFCs, belonging to perfluorosulphonates, perfluorocarboxylic acids, and perfluorinated sulphonamides) have been investigated in composite surface water samples of the Danube River at the upstream and downstream locations from the discharge point of wastewater. Among the analyzed compounds, six PFCs (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxA, PFNA, PFDA and PFUnA) were quantified. Overall, the detection frequency for most quantified compounds was very high (>90 %), only PFDA and PFUnA were quantified with less frequency, 33 and 67 %, respectively. The highest quantified concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were 14.9 ng/L (average 12.1 ng/L) and 14.2 ng/L (average 6.11 ng/L), respectively. These ones together with PFHxA (average 10.0 ng/L) were quantified at the highest concentrations in comparison to the other investigated compounds. However, the determined levels of PFOS during investigated sampling period, for all samples analyzed, were always lower than the maximum allowable concentration set for inland river waters but always higher than the environmental quality standard threshold value-AA-EQS of 0.65 ng/L sets by the Directive of European Parliament. Moreover, the levels of PFOA were always several times lower than the set AA-EQS value.
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Only a few research-driven studies have examined PFAS contamination in Serbia.
“Only a few research-driven studies have examined PFAS contamination in Serbia.”
From Integrated Targeted and Suspect Screening Workflow for Identifying PFAS of Concern in Urban-Impacted Serbian Rivers (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says information on perfluorinated compounds in the Danube River and its tributaries is scarce. The paper also identifies an earlier Serbian sediment study, but it does not establish that only a few studies have examined PFAS contamination across Serbia generally. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredData for the Danube River Basin, particularly in Serbia, remain scarce.
“However, data for the Danube River Basin (DRB), particularly in Serbia, remain scarce.”
From Integrated Targeted and Suspect Screening Workflow for Identifying PFAS of Concern in Urban-Impacted Serbian Rivers (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
Buljovčić et al. performed targeted analysis of 11 PFAS in surface waters of the Danube River at two monitoring sites.
“Buljovčić et al. [11] performed targeted analysis of 11 PFAS in surface waters of the Danube River at two monitoring sites.”
From Integrated Targeted and Suspect Screening Workflow for Identifying PFAS of Concern in Urban-Impacted Serbian Rivers (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
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Antić, I., Buljovčić, M., Cochran, R. E., Živančev, J., Llorca, M., Farré, M., Rakić, D., Tautenhahn, R., & Đurišić-Mladenović, N. (2026) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics14010078 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Beškoski et al. [10] analyzed a single PFAS compound in sediment from a Danube-connected canal, while Buljovˇci´c et al. [11] performed targeted analysis of 11 PFAS in surface waters of the Danube River at two monitoring sites.”
Self-citation
- Authors
- Buljovcic, M., Antic, I., Kadokami, K., & Skrbic, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
- The University of Kitakyushu (JP)
- Venue
- Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
- Publisher
- National Library of Serbia
- Published
- 2022
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1425-1437
- ISSN
- 0352-5139 (ISSN-L)
- 1820-7421
- OpenAlex
- W4286455012
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 0.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (172050)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fluoride Effects and Removal
- Keywords
- perfluorinated compounds, Danube River, raw sewage, surface water contamination, temporal trends, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, perfluorohexanoic acid, PFNA, perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluorinated carboxylic acids, emerging contaminants, environmental quality standards, maximum permissible concentration
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