The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Schools as Communities, Poverty Levels of Student Populations, and Students' Attitudes, Motives, and Performance: A Multilevel Analysis
Abstract
Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine relationships between students’ sense of school community, poverty level, and student attitudes, motives, beliefs, and behavior among a diverse sample of 24 elementary schools. Major findings were that: (a) within schools, individual students’ sense of school community was significantly associated with almost all of the student outcome measures, (b) Between schools, school-level community and poverty were both significantly related to many of the student outcomes (the former positively, the latter negatively), (c) Most of the relationships between school community and student measures held for schools at different poverty levels, (d) Several significant interactions between school community and poverty level indicated that some of the strongest positive effects of school community occurred among schools with the most disadvantaged student populations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cohen, J. (2013) · doi:10.4324/9780203771587 · Cited by 25,373
Crockenberg, S. B. (1981) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129087 · Cited by 777 · cited 2×
“An alternative, but not necessarily contradictory, mechanism has been proposed to account for some parallel findings showing that social support is particularly beneficial for parents (and their children) in stressful circumstances (Belsky, 1984; Crockenberg, 1981; Pianta & Ball, 1993).”
BackgroundStudents' Multiple Worlds: Negotiating the Boundaries of Family, Peer, and School Cultures
PHELAN, P., DAVIDSON, A. L., & CAO, H. T. (1991) · Anthropology & Education Quarterly · doi:10.1525/aeq.1991.22.3.05x1051k · Cited by 516
Material social support as a predictor of child adjustment in kindergarten
Pianta, R. C., & Ball, R. M. (1993) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/0193-3973(93)90026-r · Cited by 26
Cited by
Jennings, P. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654308325693 · Cited by 3,686
Students' Need for Belonging in the School Community
Osterman, K. F. (2000) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543070003323 · Cited by 2,498
Relationships matter: linking teacher support to student engagement and achievement.
Klem, A. M., & Connell, J. P. (2004) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2004.tb08283.x · Cited by 2,082
What Schools Need to Know About Fostering School Belonging: a Meta-analysis
Allen, K., Kern, M. L., Vella-Brodrick, D., Hattie, J., & Waters, L. (2018) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-016-9389-8 · Cited by 1,141
Sense of belonging in college freshmen at the classroom and campus levels
Freeman, T. M., Anderman, L. H., & Jensen, J. M. (2007) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.3200/jexe.75.3.203-220 · Cited by 1,112
Metadata
- Authors
- Battistich, V., Solomon, D., Kim, D.-I., Watson, M., & Schaps, E.
- Venue
- American Educational Research Journal
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1995
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 627
- ISSN
- 0002-8312 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2027082031
- Cited by
- 718
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 70.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Schools as Communities, Poverty Levels of Student Populations, and Students' Attitudes, Motives, and Performance: A Multilevel Analysis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1163326
- The paper
- Battistich, V., Solomon, D., Kim, D.-I., Watson, M., & Schaps, E. (1995). Schools as Communities, Poverty Levels of Student Populations, and Students' Attitudes, Motives, and Performance: A Multilevel Analysis. American Educational Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.2307/1163326
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.