Infant irritability, mother responsiveness, and social support influences on the security of infant-mother attachment
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of infant irritability, maternal responsiveness, and social support on the development of secure and anxious infant-mother attachments at 1 year. Infant irritability was assessed during the neonatal period using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, maternal responsiveness to crying was measured during observations at 3 months, and social support was based on interviews also conducted at 3 months. Security of attachment measures were derived from strange-situation videotapes. Results indicate that social support is the best predictor of secure attachment, and that it is most important for mothers with irritable babies. Maternal unresponsiveness is associated with resistance during reunion episodes and appears to be a mechanism through which anxious attachment develops. Some evidence suggests that social support may mitigate the effects of unresponsive mothering by providing the infant with a responsive substitute. Results are discussed in terms of a transactional/contextual model of development.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Highly irritable infants tend to receive less sensitive care and are at greater risk for developing insecure relationships to their caregiver.
“Two reports by Crockenberg (1981) and van den Boom (1994) that highly irritable infants tend to receive less sensitive care and are at greater risk for developing insecure relationships to their caregiver were especially compelling in this regard.”
From Infant and parent factors associated with early maternal sensitivity: A caregiver-attachment systems approach (2007) · cites this paper as Crockenberg (1981)
Sensitive parenting might be challenged and reduced by infant negativity, but enhanced when the child positively stimulates the mother and responds to her bids for interaction.
“Their findings suggest that sensitive parenting might be challenged and reduced by infant negativity, but enhanced when the child positively stimulates the mother and responds to her bids for interaction”
From Infant and parent factors associated with early maternal sensitivity: A caregiver-attachment systems approach (2007) · cites this paper as Crockenberg (1981)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Resilience in the Face of Adversity
Rutter, M. (1985) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.147.6.598 · Cited by 3,616 · see citing works
“Relationships outside the marriage may also have an important buffering effect, leading to better parenting in spite of concurrent life stressors (Crockenberg, 1981; Crnic et a!, 1983).”
BackgroundParental Socialization of Emotion.
Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A. J., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0904_1 · Cited by 2,693 · see citing works
“…soothability) or infants’ emotional reactivity in experimental contexts predicts subsequent attachment behaviors or status (Calkins & Fox, 1992; Crockenberg, 1981), as well as mothers’ contingent behavior and social behavior during interactions with infants at 6 or 12 months of age (Klein,…”
BackgroundSensitivity and attachment: A meta-analysis on parental antecedents of infant attachment
De Wolff, M. S., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb04218.x · Cited by 2,526 · see citing works
Cox, M. J., & Paley, B. (1997) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.243 · Cited by 1,939 · see citing works
Attachment and development: A prospective, longitudinal study from birth to adulthood
Sroufe, L. A. (2005) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730500365928 · Cited by 1,685 · see citing works
“However, in contrast to previous studies finding that newborn difficulties are over-ridden in a middle-class sample (Crockenberg, 1981), we found that non-optimal neurological status on the Brazelton neonatal exam did predict anxious/ resistant attachment in our risk sample.”
ResultFor Better <i>and</i> For Worse: Differential Susceptibility to Environmental Influences
Belsky, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00525.x · Cited by 1,515 · see citing works
“Crockenberg (1981) showed that social support predicted infant attachment security but only in the case of highly irritable infants.”
BackgroundThe Company They Keep: Friendships and Their Developmental Significance
Hartup, W. W. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01714.x · Cited by 1,239 · see citing works
Murray, L., Fiori-Cowley, A., Hooper, R., & Cooper, P. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01871.x · Cited by 1,302 · see citing works
Chris Fraley, R. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0602_03 · Cited by 1,066 · see citing works
Minor Parenting Stresses with Young Children
Crnic, K. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (1990) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02889.x · Cited by 1,123 · see citing works
Cutrona, C. E., & Troutman, B. (1986) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00475.x · Cited by 794 · see citing works
Battistich, V. A., Solomon, D., Kim, D., Watson, M. S., & Schaps, E. M. (1995) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312032003627 · Cited by 717 · see citing works
“An alternative, but not necessarily contradictory, mechanism has been proposed to account for some parallel findings showing that social support is particularly beneficial for parents (and their children) in stressful circumstances (Belsky, 1984; Crockenberg, 1981; Pianta & Ball, 1993).”
BackgroundEffects of Stress and Social Support on Mothers and Premature and Full-Term Infants
Crnic, K. A., Greenberg, M. T., Ragozin, A. S., Robinson, N. M., & Basham, R. B. (1983) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb00350.x · Cited by 711 · see citing works
van den Boom, D. C. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00829.x · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Infant-Mother Attachment: Factors Related to Its Development and Changes over Time
Egeland, B. R., & Farber, E. A. (1984) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb03813.x · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Biobehavioral Organization in Securely and Insecurely Attached Infants
Spangler, G., & Grossmann, K. E. (1993) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02962.x · Cited by 703 · see citing works
“, 1985), low irritability (Crockenberg, 1981; Egeland & Farber, 1984), or optimal behavioral organization (Waters, Vaughn, & Egeland, 1980), have also been found to be associated with”
BackgroundThe Insecure/Ambivalent Pattern of Attachment: Theory and Research
Cassidy, J. A., & Berlin, L. J. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00796.x · Cited by 752 · see citing works
“…1981; Egeland & Farber, 1984; Gunnar et al., 1989; Mangelsdorf, Gunnar, Kestenbaum, Lang, & Andreas, 1990; Vaughn et al., 1989) but may relate indirectly via moderating factors such as maternal social support (e.g., Crockenberg, 1981) and maternal personality (e.g., Mangelsdorf et al., 1990).”
BackgroundThe Changing Social Spaces of Learning: Mapping New Mobilities
Leander, K. M., Phillips, N. C., & Taylor, K. H. (2010) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x09358129 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
“Sociology and psychology have contributed a massive body of empirical research on the role of parent social networks in either affording or constraining learning and development opportunities for children (e.g., Crockenberg, 1981; Homel, Burns, & Goodnow, 1987; Tietjen, 1985).”
BackgroundThe Development of Self-Control of Emotion: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Influences
Fox, N. A., & Calkins, S. D. (2003) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1023/a:1023622324898 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
“and harsh discipline practices and the development of behavior problems characterized by a lack of behavioral control (Crockenberg, 1981; Pettit & Bates, 1989; Weiss, Dodge, Bates, & Pettit, 1992).”
BackgroundResultThe role of attachment in the early development of disruptive behavior problems
Greenberg, M. T., Speltz, M. L., & DeKlyen, M. (1993) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457940000434x · Cited by 463 · see citing works
“& Chapman, 1985), and parent's social support satisfaction (Crnic, Greenberg, & Slough, 1986; Crockenberg, 1981).”
BackgroundInfluentialRepresentational models of relationships: Links between caregiving and attachment
George, C., & Solomon, J. (1996) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0355(199623)17:3
Belsky, J., Rovine, M., & Taylor, D. G. (1984) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb03810.x · Cited by 509 · see citing works
van IJzendoorn, M. H., Goldberg, S., Kroonenberg, P. M., & Frenkel, O. J. (1992) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01665.x · Cited by 394 · see citing works
McElwain, N. L., & Booth‐LaForce, C. (2006) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.20.2.247 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Mills-Koonce, W. R., Gariépy, J.-L., Propper, C., Sutton, K., Calkins, S., Moore, G., & Cox, M. (2007) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2006.11.010 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Sroufe, L. A. (1985) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00080.x · Cited by 387 · see citing works
The evolutionary ecology of attachment organization
Chisholm, J. S. (1996) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/bf02733488 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
The implications of attachment theory and research for understanding borderline personality disorder
Levy, K. N. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050455 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
“Other studies examined the relationship between neonatal ratings of temperament ~Belsky & Rovine, 1987; Crockenberg, 1981; Crockenberg & McCluskey, 1986; Waters, Vaughn, & Egeland, 1980! or observed temperament ~Belsky, Fish, & Isabella, 1991; Thompson & Lamb, 1984!.”
ResultAttachment to Mother/Attachment to Father: A Meta-Analysis
Fox, N. A., Kimmerly, N. L., & Schafer, W. D. (1991) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01526.x · Cited by 306 · see citing works
“There are only a handful of studies (Bates, Maslin, & Frankel, 1985; Crockenberg, 1981) that have attempted to examine directly the interaction of infant temperament and maternal behavior in determining security of attachment.”
BackgroundWeinraub, M., & Wolf, B. M. (1983) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb00548.x · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Velderman, M. K., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Juffer, F., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2006) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.20.2.266 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
“Previous studies showed differential susceptibility of mothers of irritable infants to the positive effects of social support (Crockenberg, 1981); the larger effect of gentle parental discipline, deemphasizing power on compliance, in more fearful children (Kochanska, 1995); the effectiveness of an attachment-based int…”
BackgroundBelsky, J. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb04221.x · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Double Jeopardy: The Impact of Poverty on Early Child Development
Parker, S. J., Greer, S., & ZUCKERMAN, B. S. (1988) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36580-4 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Research on the Ecology of Human Development
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-02475-1_15 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Origins of Attachment: Maternal Interactive Behavior across the First Year
Isabella, R. A. (1993) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02931.x · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Bost, K. K., Cox, M. J., Burchinal, M. R., & Payne, C. (2002) · Journal of Marriage and Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00517.x · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Stright, A. D., Gallagher, K. C., & Kelley, K. (2008) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01119.x · Cited by 280 · see citing works
THE ROLE OF INFANT FACTORS IN POSTNATAL DEPRESSION AND MOTHER‐INFANT INTERACTIONS
Murray, L., Stanley, C., Hooper, R., King, F., & Fiori-Cowley, A. (1996) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1996.tb12082.x · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Lamb, M. E., Thompson, R. A., Gardner, W. P., Charnov, E. L., & Estes, D. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00026522 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Chase-Lansdale, P. L., Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B., & Zamsky, E. S. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00757.x · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Early risk factors and pathways in the development of early disruptive behavior problems
Shaw, D. S., Owens, E. B., Vondra, J. I., Keenan, K. E., & Winslow, E. B. (1996) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400007367 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Behavior Problems in Preschool Children
Campbell, S. B. (1997) · Advances in Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9035-1_1 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Mangelsdorf, S. C., Gunnar, M. R., Kestenbaum, R., Lang, S., & Andreas, D. (1990) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02824.x · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Calkins, S. D., & Fox, N. A. (1992) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01707.x · Cited by 245 · see citing works
“Crockenberg (1981) found that the best predictor of a secure attachment relationship was, in fact, maternal social support.”
BackgroundTrauma symptoms among infants exposed to intimate partner violence
Bogat, G. A., DeJonghe, E., Levendosky, A. A., Davidson, W. S., & von Eye, A. (2006) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.09.002 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
“For example, Crockenberg (1981) found that demanding infants were at risk of later problems only if they encountered a caretaking environment that was unresponsive to their needs.”
BackgroundResultDunst, C. J. (1985) · Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/s0270-4684(85)80012-4 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Natural Histories of Delinquency
Moffitt, T. E. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0864-5_1 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Avoidant Attachment and the Experience of Parenting
Rholes, W. S., Simpson, J. A., & Friedman, M. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167205280910 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
“The caregivers of highly avoidant children are particularly unresponsive when their children are distressed and need comfort (Crockenberg, 1981; Del Carmen, Pederson, Huffman, & Bryan, 1993).”
BackgroundMaternal Responsiveness to Infants in Three Societies: The United States, France, and Japan
Bornstein, M. H., Tamis‐LeMonda, C. S., Tal, J., Ludemann, P. M., Toda, S., Rahn, C. W., Pêcheux, M., Azuma, H., & Vardi, D. (1992) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01663.x · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Anisfeld, E., Casper, V., Nozyce, M. L., & Cunningham, N. (1990) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02888.x · Cited by 266 · see citing works
The hormonal costs of subtle forms of infant maltreatment
Bugental, D. B., Martorell, G. A., & Barraza, V. (2003) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0018-506x(02)00008-9 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
“Maternal unresponsiveness has been shown to interfere with the child's formation of secure attachment bonds (e.g., Crockenberg, 1981; Goldberg et al., 1994).”
BackgroundMaternal responsiveness and infant mental abilities: Specific predictive relations
Bornstein, M. H., & Tamis‐LeMonda, C. S. (1997) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(97)90001-1 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Conceptualizing the role of early experience: Lessons from the Minnesota longitudinal study
Sroufe, L. A., Coffino, B., & Carlson, E. A. (2010) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2009.12.002 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
“Research documented that premature infants tend to catch up over the first year or two of life in a supportive, middle class context (Crockenberg, 1981; Sigman, Cohen, Beckwith, & Parmelee, 1981), apparently because parents in supportive contexts are prompted to increase their responsiveness to…”
BackgroundThe development of childhood anxiety disorders: Toward an integrated model
Manassis, K., & Bradley, S. J. (1994) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/0193-3973(94)90037-x · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Donovan, W. L., & Leavitt, L. A. (1985) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2381-5_11 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Beyond One Hand Clapping: Seeing Bidirectionality in Parent-Child Relations
Loulis, S., & Kuczynski, L. (1997) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407597144002 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Natural mentors: An overlooked resource in the social networks of young, African American mothers
Rhodes, J. E., Ebert, L., & Fischer, K. (1992) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00937754 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
“This is a particularly promising finding, given the close connection between the psychological well-being of young mothers and the emotional well-being of their children ( Crockenberg, 1981; Garbarino & Crouter, 1978).”
BackgroundThe Impact of Maternal Characteristics and Contextual Variables on Infant–Mother Attachment
Huth‐Bocks, A. C., Levendosky, A. A., Bogat, G. A., & von Eye, A. (2004) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00688.x · Cited by 187 · see citing works
“ing to several researchers (Crittenden, 1985; Crockenberg, 1981; Stern, 1995), mothers need to create and maintain a support network so they can accomplish the goals of motherhood.”
BackgroundResultMaternal Parenting and Children's Conscience: Early Security as Moderator
Kochanska, G., Aksan, N. S., Knaack, A., & Rhines, H. M. (2004) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00735.x · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Rhodes, J. E., Contreras, J. M., & Mangelsdorf, S. C. (1994) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02506863 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
“The relatively high levels of anxiety and depression among these young women, as well as their negative response to relationship problems, are particularly troubling given the close connection between the psychological well-being of young mothers and the emotional well-being of their children ( Crockenberg, 1981; Garb…”
BackgroundThe effects of maternal social phobia on mother–infant interactions and infant social responsiveness
Murray, L., Cooper, P., Creswell, C., Schofield, E., & Sack, C. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01657.x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
“We used the items ‘peak of excitement’, ‘rapidity of build up’ and ‘irritability’ collectively to define infants as irritable (Cronbach’s alpha ¼ .83) if the mean score was six or over, a standard method used in research (e.g., Crockenberg, 1981; van den Boom, 1994, Murray, Stanley, Hooper, King, & Fiori-Cowley, 1996a…”
MethodSources of Parenting Stress for Depressed and Nondepressed Mothers of Infants
Gelfand, D. M., Teti, D. M., & Fox, C. R. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2103_8 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Sleep Disorders in Early Childhood: Association with Insecure Maternal Attachment
Benoit, D., Zeanah, C. H., Boucher, C., & MINDE, K. K. (1992) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199201000-00013 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Sensitivity, security and internal working models: Bridging the transmission gap
Meins, E. (1999) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616739900134181 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Crnic, K. A., Greenberg, M. T., Robinson, N. M., & Ragozin, A. S. (1984) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1984.tb01490.x · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Feiring, C., Taska, L. S., & Lewis, M. (1996) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(96)00064-6 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Attachment in Mothers with Anxiety Disorders and Their Children
Manassis, K., Bradley, S. J., Goldberg, S., Hood, J. E., & Swinson, R. P. (1994) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199410000-00006 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Fostering Goodness: teaching parents to facilitate children's moral development
Berkowitz, M. W., & Grych, J. H. (1998) · Journal of Moral Education · doi:10.1080/0305724980270307 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“Crockenberg (1981) demonstrated that infant temperament interacts with parental resources.”
Backgroundvan IJzendoorn, M. H., Goldberg, S., Kroonenberg, P. M., & Frenkel, O. J. (1992) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131237 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Personal relatedness and attachment in infants of mothers with borderline personality disorder
Hobson, R. P., Patrick, M. P. H., Crandell, L. E., García-Pérez, R. M., & Lee, A. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050169 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
“For example, the presence of a cohabiting partner is only a crude measure of social support, and such support may be important in enabling stressed caregivers to relate to their infants sensitively~e.g., Crockenberg, 1981!”
BackgroundChild psychiatric sequelae of maternal war stress
Meijer, A. (1985) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02647.x · Cited by 168 · see citing works
“Serious consideration should be given to providing consistent and massive support to young mothers whose husbands are not with them when conditions of tremendous external stress are obvious (2, 22).”
BackgroundBooth, C. L. (1994) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.1994.tb00040.x · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Mediators and Adverse Effects of Child Poverty in the United States
Pascoe, J. M., Wood, D. L., Duffee, J. H., Kuo, A. A., Yogman, M. W., Bauer, N. S., Gambon, T. B., Lavin, A., Lemmon, K. M., Mattson, G. L., et al. (2016) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0340 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Maternal sensitivity: a concept analysis
Shin, H., Park, Y.-J., Ryu, H., & Seomun, G. (2008) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04814.x · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“Maternal sensitivity seems to imply directions in which desirable mother–infant interaction goes (Crockenberg 1981, Smith & Pederson 1988).”
BackgroundGross, H. E., Shaw, D., Burwell, R., & Nagin, D. (2009) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579409000091 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
“Crockenberg (1981) found that easygoing children were more impervious to their mother’s behavior than were irritable children.”
BackgroundLenghth of Maternity Leave and Quality of Mother-Infant Interactions
Clark, R., Hyde, J. S., Essex, M. J., & Klein, M. H. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01945.x · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Maternal Chronological Age, Prenatal and Perinatal History, Social Support, and Parenting of Infants
Bornstein, M. H., Putnick, D. L., Suwalsky, J. T. D., & Gini, M. (2006) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00908.x · Cited by 150 · see citing works
“Prenatal and perinatal history is most relevant in early parenting, and social supports have been found to be highly pertinent to parenting at that time (Crockenberg, 1981, 1988; Cutrona & Suhr, 1990).”
BackgroundCross-cultural Patterns of Attachment: A Meta-Analysis of the Strange Situation
van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Kroonenberg, P. M. (1988) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb03202.x · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Mertesacker, B., Bade, U., Haverkock, A., & Pauli‐Pott, U. (2003) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.10085 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Tarabulsy, G. M., Bernier, A., Provost, M. A., Maranda, J., Larose, S., Moss, E., Larose, M., & Tessier, R. (2005) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.41.1.212 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Does child temperament moderate the influence of parenting on adjustment?
Gallagher, K. C. (2002) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/s0273-2297(02)00503-8 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“In a short-term longitudinal study of 48 infants and their mothers, Crockenberg (1981) found that newborn irritability interacted with mother s social support, predicting attachment security in the Strange Situation at one year.”
BackgroundBehavioural Inhibition, Attachment and Anxiety in Children of Mothers with Anxiety Disorders
Manassis, K., Bradley, S. J., Goldberg, S., Hood, J. E., & Swinson, R. P. (1995) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674379504000206 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Social Support and Adolescent Mothers: Action Research Contributions to Theory and Application
Unger, D. G., & Wandersman, L. P. (1985) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1985.tb01115.x · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Sensitive Caregiving Fosters the Comprehension of Speech: When Gestures Speak Louder than Words
Żukow, W. (1996) · Early Development and Parenting · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0917(199612)5:4 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Socializing Children and Parents in Families
Peterson, G. W., & Hann, D. M. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-5367-7_14 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Schoppe‐Sullivan, S. J., Mangelsdorf, S. C., Brown, G. L., & Sokolowski, M. S. (2006) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2006.11.008 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
“Despite the obvious significance of the infant’s temperament in shaping the larger family system of which she or he is a part, scant research has focused on understanding how the infant’s characteristics affect the family system beyond consideration of effects on parent–child (primarily mother–child) relationships (e.…”
BackgroundNonparental Child Care: Context, Concepts, Correlates, and Consequences
Lamb, M. E., & Ahnert, L. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0423 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Henderson, H. A., Fox, N. A., & Rubin, K. H. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200101000-00018 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
“negative reactivity ( Crockenberg, 1981; Riese, 1987).”
Families and individual development: provocations from the field of family therapy
Minuchin, P. (1985) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129720 · Cited by 1,654 · see citing works
Excessively crying infant in the family: mother–infant, father–infant and mother–father interaction
Räihä, H., Lehtonen, L., Huhtala, V., et al. (2002) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2214.2002.00292.x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Change in Maternal Behavior during the Baby' s First Year of Life
Crockenberg, S., & McCluskey, K. S. (1986) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00242.x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationMothers' interactions with temperamentally frustrated infants
Calkins, S. D., Hungerford, A., & Dedmon, S. E. (2004) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20002 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“Or, she argued, the negative relation might be observable only when other circumstances, such as low social support or stress, are present (e.g., Crockenberg, 1981).”
BackgroundResultKelly, J. F., Morisset, C. E., Barnard, K. E., Hammond, M. A., & Booth, C. L. (1996) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0355(199624)17:4 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Crnic, K. A., Greenberg, M. T., & Slough, N. M. (1986) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/1097-0355(198621)7:1 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Brooker, R. J., Buss, K. A., Lemery‐Chalfant, K., Aksan, N. S., Davidson, R. J., & Goldsmith, H. H. (2013) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12058 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“There is, in fact, evidence that temperamental characteristics in children, including fearfulness, can evoke behaviors (Crockenberg, 1981; Crockenberg & McCluskey, 1986) and symptoms in parents over time (Brooker, Neiderhiser, Ganiban, Leve, Shaw & Reiss, 2012).”
Representations of Attachment in Mothers and Their One-Year-Old Infants
Zeanah, C. H., Benoit, D., Barton, M. L., REGAN, C., Hirshberg, L., & Lipsitt, L. P. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199303000-00007 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Genetic and environmental influence on attachment disorganization
Spangler, G., Johann, M., Rónai, Z., & Zimmermann, P. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02054.x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Weiss, S. J., Wilson, P., Hertenstein, M. J., & Campos, R. (2000) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(00)00030-8 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“In addition, there is evidence that certain types of neurobehavioral limitations (many of which are experienced by LBW infants) may affect the attachment relationship adversely (Belsky & Rovine, 1987; Crockenberg, 1981; Miyake, Chen & Campos, 1985; Vaughn & Bost, 1999; Van den Boon, 1994).”
BackgroundGrandparents as Support and Socialization Agents
Tinsley, B. R., & Parke, R. D. (1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9415-1_8 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
- Authors
- Crockenberg, S. B.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crockenberg, Susan B.
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1981-09
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 857
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993089994
- Cited by
- 777
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 29.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- infant irritability, maternal responsiveness, social support, infant-mother attachment, secure attachment, attachment anxiety, neonatal crying, Strange Situation Procedure, transactional model of development
- MeSH terms
- Crying, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Personality, Social Behavior, Social Environment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
