Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 255

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Instructional Policy into Practice: "The Power of the Bottom over the Top"

Darling-Hammond, Linda·1990·Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis

Abstract

The case studies of policy implementation presented in this issue of EEPΛ are impor­ tant for many reasons. They look carefully and thoughtfully at the manifestations of an important policy change where it matters most—in the classroom—and they strive to do so from the joint vantage points of the policy and the teachers whose teaching it in­ tends to change. The work of these investiga­ tors contributes to and strengthens a newly emerging paradigm for policy analysis—one

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/1164357

Cites

10 of 10 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 10 references

Cited by

See all 255

Metadata

Authors
Darling-Hammond, L.
Venue
Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis
Published
1990
Volume
12
Issue
3
Pages
339
ISSN
0162-3737 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2048480172
Cited by
255
References
10
FWCI
41.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Instructional Policy into Practice: "The Power of the Bottom over the Top". https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1164357
The paper
Darling-Hammond, L. (1990). Instructional Policy into Practice: "The Power of the Bottom over the Top". Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. https://doi.org/10.2307/1164357

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.