The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Teacher Efficacy: Its Meaning and Measure
Abstract
The theoretical and empirical underpinnings of teacher efficacy are examined to bring coherence to the construct and its measurement. First, we explore the correlates of teacher efficacy revealed using various instruments and search for patterns that suggest a better understanding of the construct. Next, we introduce a model of teacher efficacy that reconciles two competing conceptual strands found in the literature. Then we examine implications of the research on teacher efficacy for teacher preparation and suggest strategies for improving the efficacy of inservice teachers. Finally, we propose new directions for research in light of the proposed model.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0092976 · Cited by 21,937
Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency
Bandura, A. (1982) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.37.2.122 · Cited by 15,975
Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning
Bandura, A. (1993) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep2802_3 · Cited by 7,655
Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Academic Settings
Pajares, F. (1996) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.2307/1170653 · Cited by 4,688
Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies
(1995) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511527692 · Cited by 4,190
Teacher efficacy: A construct validation.
Gibson, S., & Dembo, M. H. (1984) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.76.4.569 · Cited by 3,426
Staff development and the process of teacher change
GUSKEY, T. R. (1986) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x015005005 · Cited by 1,493
Cited by
Teacher efficacy: capturing an elusive construct
Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2001) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/s0742-051x(01)00036-1 · Cited by 6,839
Self-citationRelationships matter: linking teacher support to student engagement and achievement.
Klem, A. M., & Connell, J. P. (2004) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2004.tb08283.x · Cited by 2,082
The differential antecedents of self-efficacy beliefs of novice and experienced teachers
Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2007) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2006.05.003 · Cited by 1,976
Self-citationZee, M., & Koomen, H. M. Y. (2016) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654315626801 · Cited by 1,774
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2007) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.99.3.611 · Cited by 1,678
Metadata
- Authors
- Tschannen-Moran, M., Hoy, A. W., & Hoy, W. K.
- Venue
- Review of Educational Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 202
- ISSN
- 0034-6543 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2160638994
- Cited by
- 4,481
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 134.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Teacher Efficacy: Its Meaning and Measure. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1170754
- The paper
- Tschannen-Moran, M., Hoy, A. W., & Hoy, W. K. (1998). Teacher Efficacy: Its Meaning and Measure. Review of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.2307/1170754
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.