The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A PRACTICAL AND NATURAL TAXONOMY FOR CANNABIS
Abstract
Summary: Variation in Cannabis is evaluated in the context of the confusing systematic history of this genus. Aside from some experimentally produced polyploids, all Cannabis is diploid (n = 10), and there appear to be no barriers to successful hybridization within the genus. The present pattern of variation is due in large part to the influence of man. Two widespread classes of plant are discernible: a group of generally northern plants of relatively limited intoxicant potential, influenced particularly by selection for fibre and oil agronomic qualities, and a group of generally southern plants of considerable intoxicant potential, influenced particularly by selection for inebriant qualities. These two groups are treated respectively as subsp. sativa and indica, of C. sativa, the only species of the genus Cannabis. Within each subspecies two parallel phases are recognizable. The “wild” (weedy, naturalized or indigenous) phase is more or less distinguishable from the domesticated (cultivated or spontaneous) phase by means of an adaptive syndrome of fruit characteristics. The resulting four discernible groups are recognized as varieties.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
MAGOUN, H. N. (1965) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-196504000-00011 · Cited by 2,930
Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa
Lawalrée, A., & Hegi, G. (1975) · Taxon · doi:10.2307/1219025 · Cited by 2,381
Evolution and classification of flowering plants
(1979) · Brittonia · doi:10.1007/bf02806171 · Cited by 1,790
Baker, H. G. (1974) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.000245 · Cited by 1,586
The Origin, Variation, Immunity and Breeding of Cultivated Plants
VAVILOV, N. I. (1951) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-195112000-00018 · Cited by 1,549
The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants.
Keener, C. S., & Cronquist, A. (1989) · Systematic Botany · doi:10.2307/2418914 · Cited by 1,322
Self-citationTOWARD A RATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF CULTIVATED PLANTS
Harlan, J. R., & de Wet, J. M. J. (1971) · TAXON · doi:10.2307/1218252 · Cited by 1,170
COMPARATIVE EVOLUTION OF CEREALS
Harlan, J. R., de Wet, J. M. J., & Price, E. G. (1973) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1973.tb00676.x · Cited by 606
Genetic resources in plants-their exploration and conservation.
Frankel, O. H., & Bennett, E. L. (1970) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 528
Mechoulam, R. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.168.3936.1159 · Cited by 492
Cited by
Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Whiting, P. F., Wolff, R. F., Deshpande, S., Di Nisio, M., Duffy, S., Hernandez, A. V., Keurentjes, J. C., Lang, S., Misso, K., Ryder, S., et al. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.6358 · Cited by 2,169
History of Cannabis and Its Preparations in Saga, Science, and Sobriquet
Russo, E. B. (2007) · Chemistry & Biodiversity · doi:10.1002/cbdv.200790144 · Cited by 621
Phytochemistry of Cannabis sativa L.
ElSohly, M. A., Radwan, M. M., Gul, W., Chandra, S., & Galal, A. (2017) · Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_1 · Cited by 521
Farinon, B., Molinari, R., Costantini, L., & Merendino, N. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12071935 · Cited by 473
Evolution and classification of Cannabis sativa (marijuana, hemp) in relation to human utilization.
Small, E. (2015) · The Botanical Review · doi:10.1007/s12229-015-9157-3 · Cited by 461
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Small, E., & Cronquist, A.
- Venue
- TAXON
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1976-08
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 405-435
- ISSN
- 0040-0262 (ISSN-L)
- 1996-8175
- OpenAlex
- W2055150673
- Cited by
- 405
- References
- 53
- FWCI
- 12.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A PRACTICAL AND NATURAL TAXONOMY FOR CANNABIS. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1220524
- The paper
- Small, E., & Cronquist, A. (1976). A PRACTICAL AND NATURAL TAXONOMY FOR CANNABIS. TAXON. https://doi.org/10.2307/1220524
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.