Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 396

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Linkages between Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems

Likens, Gene E., Bormann, F. Herbert·1974·BioScience

Abstract

The gravitational movement of materials in drainage waters from terrestrial ecosystems to aquatic ecosystems is the major land-water linkage in the biosphere. Undisturbed humid terrestrial ecosystems develop tight cycles and tend not to be leaky, but with disturbance losses of water, nutrients, and particulate matter are increased. Eutrophication in downstream aquatic ecosystems may be accelerated by these inputs in addition to the well-known eutrophication effects of urban-industrial wastes. Movement of some airborne pollutants from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems is increasing and must be considered as a factor influencing aquatic ecosystems. A holistic view of these land-air-water interactions is required for intelligent management of landscapes.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/1296852

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 24 references

Cited by

See all 396

Metadata

Authors
Likens, G. E., & Bormann, F. H.
Venue
BioScience
Published
1974-08
Volume
24
Issue
8
Pages
447-456
ISSN
  • 0006-3568 (ISSN-L)
  • 1525-3244
OpenAlex
W2133596713
Cited by
396
References
24
FWCI
6.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Linkages between Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1296852
The paper
Likens, G. E., & Bormann, F. H. (1974). Linkages between Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems. BioScience. https://doi.org/10.2307/1296852

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.