Essay on Overland Trade in the First Millennium B.C.

11 (both NB let.), appears in a cultic context (na-as-rap-t?;gahass) in LKA 69: 13-70 i 10. It is to be differentiatedfrom the "crucible

CT (2098)

share"of the merchantwas not included in the sum of 11minas 20shekels, while in YOS6 168the amount of 3 minas and 10 shekels had to be deducted from the 16 minas 15 shekels listed

(n.d.)

Untitled work

W., H. W. (1964) · JCS

An atypicalreferencefor busu shouldbe mentionedonly in footnote. The inscriptionBBSt. No. 36, p.127, of Nabopolassar(625-605B.C.) on a clay boxwhichcontaineda stonetablet recordingan endowment(rathera reendowment)madeby NabA-apla-iddin(ca.885-855B.C.) containsourwordin line 16. The divinegarmentsof

(n.d.)

DietrichandLorets,op. cit., p.224f. See, however,note82below.

(n.d.)

A. Lucas, op. cit., p.149,note 1.

(n.d.)

The verb does not refer, in fact, to spinning (i.e. to the conversion of a strip of fluffy roving into a thread), but rather to the twining of two threads of different materials-typically wool and hair (see above, p.247f.), wools of different colors, wool (or hair) and animal sinews or plant fiber (

(n.d.)

Untitled work

(1963) · JNES

Untitled work

Hallo, W. (1964) · JCS

The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World

(2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537 · Cited by 690 · see citing works

The Cambridge History of Iran

Diakonoff, I. M., Hansman, J., Sulimirski, T., Cook, J. M., Burn, A. R., Mallowan, M. E. L., Badian, E., Bresciani, E., Oppenheim, A. L., Hallock, R. T., et al. (1985) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521200912 · Cited by 369 · see citing works

Demography

Scheidel, W. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.004 · Cited by 343 · see citing works

The Early Roman Empire: Consumption

Jongman, W. M. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.023 · Cited by 219 · see citing works

The Cambridge Ancient History

(1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046 · Cited by 166 · see citing works

The Early Roman Empire: The State and the Economy

Cascio, E. L. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.024 · Cited by 154 · see citing works

The Early Roman Empire: Distribution

Morley, N. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.022 · Cited by 137 · see citing works

Law and Economic Institutions

Frier, B. W., & Kehoe, D. P. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.006 · Cited by 124 · see citing works

Carthaginians and Greeks

Asheri, D. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.027 · Cited by 114 · see citing works

Household and Gender

Saller, R. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.005 · Cited by 107 · see citing works

On the question of silk in pre-Han Eurasia

Good, I. (1995) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00082491 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

Persia and the Greeks

Burn, A. R. (1985) · Cited by 102 · see citing works

The tyranny of the Pisistratidae

Lewis, D. M. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.011 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

Classical Greece: Production

Davies, J. K. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.013 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

The Ionian Revolt

Murray, O. A. R. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.019 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Introduction

Morris, I., Saller, R., & Scheidel, W. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.002 · Cited by 83 · see citing works

Roman Egypt

Rathbone, D. W. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.027 · Cited by 80 · see citing works

MEDIA

Diakonoff, I. M. (1985) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521200912.004 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

The reform of the Athenian state by Cleisthenes

Ostwald, M. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.012 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Early Rome and Italy

Morel, J.-P. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.019 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

The languages of Italy

Penney, J. H. W. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.026 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

The Eastern Mediterranean

Alcock, S. E. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.026 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Hellenistic Egypt

Manning, J. G. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.017 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

ARAMAIC IN THE ACHAEMENIAN EMPIRE

Greenfield, J. C. (1985) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521200912.016 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

The Early Roman Empire: Production

Kehoe, D. P. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.021 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Ecology

Sallares, R. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.003 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

ACHAEMENID COINS, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

Bivar, A. D. H. (1985) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521200912.013 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

THE EVIDENCE OF THE PERSEPOLIS TABLETS

Hallock, R. T. (1985) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521200912.012 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

THE RISE OF THE ACHAEMENIDS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF THEIR EMPIRE

Cook, J. M. (1985) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521200912.007 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Power is in the Details: Administrative Technology and the Growth of Ancient Near Eastern Cores

Allen, M. (2005) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781403980526_4 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

EGYPT: INTERNAL AFFAIRS FROM TUTHMOSIS I TO THE DEATH OF AMENOPHIS III

Hayes, W. C. (1973) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521082303.012 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

NORTHERN MESOPOTAMIA AND SYRIA

Kupper, J.-R. (1973) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521082303.002 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Early Iron Age Greece

Morris, I. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.009 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Classical Greece: Consumption

von Reden, S. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.015 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

The expedition of Xerxes

Hammond, Ν. G. L. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.021 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

The expedition of Datis and Artaphernes

Hammond, Ν. G. L. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.020 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Technology

Schneider, H. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.007 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

The early history of the Medes and the Persians and the Achaemenid empire to the death of Cambyses

Young, T. C. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Babylonian mathematics, astrology, and astronomy

Aaboe, A. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521227179.010 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

The Western Provinces

Leveau, P. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.025 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

The Late Republic

Harris, W. V. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.020 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

The liberation of Greece

Barron, J. P. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.022 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

The native kingdoms of Anatolia

Mellink, M. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521227179.018 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

EGYPT: FROM THE DEATH OF AMMENEMES III TO SEQENENRE II

Hayes, W. C. (1973) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521082303.003 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Phoenicia and Phoenician colonization

Culican, W. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521227179.015 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

At the edge of empire: conceptualizing Assyria's Anatolian Frontier ca. 700 BC

Parker, B. J. (2002) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1016/s0278-4165(02)00005-3 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Le port de commerce : un concept en débat

Maucourant, J., & Graslin, L. (2005) · doi:10.3406/topoi.2005.2001 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Judeans in Babylonia

Alstola, T. (2020) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · doi:10.1163/9789004365421 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Archaic Greece

Osborne, R. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.011 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

The Iron Age: the peoples of Italy

Salmon, E. T. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.025 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Hellenistic Greece and Western Asia Minor

Reger, G. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.018 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Babylonia from Cyrus to Xerxes

Kuhrt, A. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.004 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

8 East of Assyria?

Cifarelli, M. (2018) · University of Colorado Press eBooks · doi:10.5876/9781607328230.c008 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

ALEXANDER IN IRAN

Badian, E. (1985) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521200912.009 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

The Transition to Late Antiquity

Giardina, A. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.029 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

TEPE NŪSH-I JĀN: THE MEDIAN SETTLEMENT

Stronach, D. (1985) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521200912.020 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

THE PERSIAN OCCUPATION OF EGYPT

Bresciani, E. (1985) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521200912.010 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Egypt 525–404 B.C.

Ray, J. D. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.010 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

The Textiles traded by the Assyrians in Anatolia (19th-18th Centuries BC)

Michel, C., & Klaas, V. (2010) · HAL · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Classical Greece: Distribution

Möller, A. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.014 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

9 In the Middle of the Sea of the Setting Sun

Cannavò, A. (2018) · University of Colorado Press eBooks · doi:10.5876/9781607328230.c009 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Syria-Palestine under Achaemenid rule

Eph‘al, I. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.005 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

A lepidopterous cocoon from Thera and evidence for silk in the Aegean Bronze Age

Panagiotakopulu, E., Buckland, P. C., Day, P. M., Doumas, C. G., Sarpaki, A., & Skidmore, P. (1997) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00085021 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

PALESTINE IN THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE

Kenyon, K. M. (1973) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521082303.004 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Anatolia

Mellink, M. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.008 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Central Asia and Eastern Iran

Francfort, H. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.006 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Neo‐Assyrian through Persian Empires

Rollinger, R. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781118341339.ch9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Racialized Commodities

Parmenter, C. S. (2024) · doi:10.1093/9780197757147.001.0001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Assyrian civilization

Grayson, A. K. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521227179.007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

The Aegean Bronze Age

Bennet, J. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.008 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

The consolidation of the empire and its limits of growth under Darius and Xerxes

Young, T. C. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

The Hellenistic Near East

van der Spek, R. J. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.016 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Probing the provenance of archaeological glaze colorants: Polychrome faunal reliefs of the Ishtar Gate and the Processional Way of Babylon

Rodler, A., Klein, S., Artioli, G., & Brøns, C. (2019) · Archaeometry · doi:10.1111/arcm.12455 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

The Persian Near East

Bedford, P. R. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.012 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

EGYPT: FROM THE EXPULSION OF THE HYKSOS TO AMENOPHIS I

James, T. G. H. (1973) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521082303.011 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

1 Introduction

Herrmann, V. R., & Tyson, C. W. (2018) · University of Colorado Press eBooks · doi:10.5876/9781607328230.c001 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Environmental and Historical Impacts on Long Term Animal Economy: The Southern Levant in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages

Sapir‐Hen, L., Finkelstein, I., & Gadot, Y. (2014) · Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient · doi:10.1163/15685209-12341362 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF THE SECOND MILLENNIUM B.C. ON THE PERSIAN PLATEAU

Dyson, R. H. (1973) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521082303.019 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

The Cambridge Ancient History

(1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521227179 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

4 The Southern Levant under the Neo-Assyrian Empire

Faust, A. (2018) · University of Colorado Press eBooks · doi:10.5876/9781607328230.c004 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

THE RELIGION OF ACHAEMENIAN IRAN

Schwartz, M. (1985) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521200912.015 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

The Iron Age in the Western Mediterranean

Dietler, M. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521780537.010 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Of Production, Trade, Profit and Destruction: An Economic Interpretation of Sennacherib’s Third Campaign

van der Brugge, C. (2017) · Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient · doi:10.1163/15685209-12341427 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

6 Dining under Assyrian Rule

Brown, S. H. (2018) · University of Colorado Press eBooks · doi:10.5876/9781607328230.c006 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

PASARGADAE

Stronach, D. (1985) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521200912.021 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

The Rhetoric of the Kilamuwa Inscription

O'Connor, M. P. (1977) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research · doi:10.2307/1356572 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

The Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond: the Relations Between the Worlds of the ‘Greek’ and ‘Non‐Greek’ Civilizations

Rollinger, R. (2006) · doi:10.1002/9780470996799.ch11 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Assyria: Tiglath-Pileser III to Sargon II (744–705 B.C.)

Grayson, A. K. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521227179.003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

7 Peripheral Elite as Imperial Collaborators

Tyson, C. W. (2018) · University of Colorado Press eBooks · doi:10.5876/9781607328230.c007 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

THE BABYLONIAN EVIDENCE OF ACHAEMENIAN RULE IN MESOPOTAMIA

Oppenheim, A. L. (1985) · The Cambridge History of Iran · doi:10.1017/chol9780521200912.011 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

The Cambridge Ancient History

(1973) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521082303 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Assyria: Sennacherib and Esarhaddon (704–669 B.C.)

Grayson, A. K. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521227179.004 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Persia in Europe, apart from Greece

Fol, A., & Hammond, Ν. G. L. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521228046.009 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

THE OLD EASTERN IRANIAN WORLD VIEW ACCORDING TO THE AVESTA

Schwartz, M. (1985) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521200912.014 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Judah in the Neo-Babylonian Period: The Archaeology of Desolation

Faust, A. (2012) · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Judean Merchants in Babylonia and Their Participation in Long-Distance Trade

Alstola, T. (2017) · Die Welt des Orients · doi:10.13109/wdor.2017.47.1.25 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

GREECE AND THE AEGEAN ISLANDS IN THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE

Caskey, J. L. (1973) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521082303.005 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

HAMMURABI AND THE END OF HIS DYNASTY

Gadd, C. J. (1973) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521082303.008 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

What Do Byssus and Crimson Imply about the Hebrew Bible and the Septuagint

Rambiert-Kwaśniewska, A. M. (2018) · The Biblical Annals · doi:10.31743/ba.2018.8.3.01 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Egypt: the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Dynasties

James, T. G. H. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521227179.020 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Some Aspects of the Overland Oriental Trade at the Christian Era

Schoff, W. H. (1915) · Journal of the American Oriental Society · doi:10.2307/592642 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

The Overland Route Between Egypt and Canaan in the Early Bronze Age (Preliminary report)

Oren, E. D. (1973) · Cited by 5 · see citing works

The First Millennium AD in Europe and the Mediterranean: An Archaeological Essay.

Hall, J. A., & Randsborg, K. (1992) · Man · doi:10.2307/2803941 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

W. F. Leemans.Foreign Trade in the Old Babylonian Period as Revealed by Texts from Southern Mesopotamia.

Hallo, W. W. (1963) · Journal of Cuneiform Studies · doi:10.2307/1359066

The Overland Route: Intra-Anatolian Interaction ca. 1000–540 BCE and the Transmission of the Alphabet

van Dongen, E. (2013) · Ancient West & East · Cited by 21 · see citing works