The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 19 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Ecological Approach to the Visual Perception of Pictures
Abstract
Having rejected the picture theory of natural perception we can make a start on picture perception. To see the environment is to extract information from the ambient array of light. What is it, then, to see a picture of something? The information in ambient light does not consist of forms and colors but of invariants. Is it implied that the information in a picture does not consist of forms and colors but of invariants? That sounds very odd, for we suppose that a picture is entirely composed of forms and colors. The kind of vision we get from pictures is harder to understand than the kind we get from ambient light, not easier. It should be considered at the end of a treatise on perception, not at the beginning. It cannot be omitted, for pictures are an essential part of human life as much as
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“Predicting affordance [10] from visual observations is an essential ability for robots to plan their actions for interacting with real-world objects.”
From Ditto in the House: Building Articulation Models of Indoor Scenes through Interactive Perception (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Automated cueing (attention guidance) can lead operators to pay less attention to uncued areas of a display than is appropriate [61].”
From A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation (2000) · cites this paper as [61]
Citations
Cites
The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems
West, C. K., & Gibson, J. J. (1969) · Journal of Aesthetic Education · doi:10.2307/3331482 · Cited by 6,344
Self-citationPerception of the Visual World
(1952) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1952.01700030123016 · Cited by 3,748
Arnheim, R. (1974) · doi:10.1525/9780520351271 · Cited by 1,997
Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols.
Rigney, D., & Goodman, N. (1979) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2066203 · Cited by 1,058
(2017) · University of Pittsburgh Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zw9bk.31 · Cited by 853
Languages of Art, an Approach to a Theory of Symbols
Zucker, W. M., & Goodman, N. (1970) · The Art Bulletin · doi:10.2307/3048723 · Cited by 538
On Information Available in Pictures
Gombrich, E. H., Arnheim, R., & Gibson, J. J. (1971) · Leonardo · doi:10.2307/1572214 · Cited by 316
Self-citationA Psychology of Picture Perception
Kennedy, J. M. (1974) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 255
Optics, Painting and Photography
Kennedy, J. M., & Pirenne, M. H. (1972) · Leonardo · doi:10.2307/1572413 · Cited by 214
Uytman, J. D., von Senden, M., & Heath, P. J. (1962) · The Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2217444 · Cited by 161
A theory of pictorial perception
Gibson, J. J. (1954) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/bf02713318 · Cited by 129
Self-citationThe reproduction of visually perceived forms.
Gibson, J. J. (1929) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0072470 · Cited by 119
Self-citationOn the Concept of 'Formless Invariants' in Visual Perception
Gibson, J. J. (1973) · Leonardo · doi:10.2307/1572424 · Cited by 68
Self-citationOn the Relation between Hallucination and Perception
Gibson, J. J. (1970) · Leonardo · doi:10.2307/1572259 · Cited by 39
Self-citationPickford and the Failure of Experimental Esthetics
Gibson, J. J. (1975) · Leonardo · doi:10.2307/1573011 · Cited by 23
Self-citationVisualizing Conceived as Visual Apprehending without Any Particular Point of Observation
Gibson, J. J. (1974) · Leonardo · doi:10.2307/1572737 · Cited by 18
Self-citationTHE VISUAL SYSTEM: ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
Boynton, R. M. (1974) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-161901-5.50021-2 · Cited by 13
Gibson, J. J. (1956) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.1956.9921921 · Cited by 8
Self-citationGibson, J. J. (1974) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-161901-5.50022-4 · Cited by 7
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1 of the 20 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation
Parasuraman, R., Sheridan, T. B., & Wickens, C. D. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans · doi:10.1109/3468.844354 · Cited by 4,195
The functional architecture of human empathy
Decety, J., & Jackson, P. L. (2004) · Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews · doi:10.1177/1534582304267187 · Cited by 3,407
10 Sociomateriality: Challenging the Separation of Technology, Work and Organization
Orlikowski, W. J., & Scott, S. V. (2008) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520802211644 · Cited by 2,571
Interdependence, Interaction, and Relationships
Rusbult, C. E., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2003) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145059 · Cited by 1,235
From Isovists to Visibility Graphs: A Methodology for the Analysis of Architectural Space
Turner, A., Doxa, M., O'Sullivan, D., & Penn, A. (2001) · Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design · doi:10.1068/b2684 · Cited by 969
Metadata
- Authors
- Gibson, J. J.
- Corresponding author
- Gibson, James J.
- Venue
- Leonardo
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1978
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 227
- ISSN
- 0024-094X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2324134362
- Cited by
- 456
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 137.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Leonardo (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Visual Arts and Performing Arts › Visual Culture and Art Theory
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- image perception, visual perception, ecological approach, invariants, visual information
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