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Cited by 500

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Rational Expectations, Information Acquisition, and Competitive Bidding

Milgrom, Paul R.·1981·Econometrica

Abstract

Most rational expectations market equilibrium models are not models of price formation, and naive mechanisms leading to such equilibria can be severely manipulable. In this paper, a bidding model is developed which has the market-like features that bidders act as price takers and that prices convey information. Higher equilibrium prices convey more favorable information about the quality of the objects being sold than do lower prices. Bidders can benefit from trading only if they have a transactions motive or if they have access to inside information. Apart from exceptional cases, prices are not fully revealing. A two stage model is developed in which bidders may acquire information at a cost before bidding and for which the equilibrium price is fully revealing, resolving a well-known paradox.

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Metadata

Authors
Milgrom, P. R.
Venue
Econometrica
Publisher
JSTOR
Published
1981-07
Volume
49
Issue
4
Pages
921
ISSN
0012-9682 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2125899808
Cited by
500
References
3
FWCI
5.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Rational Expectations, Information Acquisition, and Competitive Bidding. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1912511
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Milgrom, P. R. (1981). Rational Expectations, Information Acquisition, and Competitive Bidding. Econometrica. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912511

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.