The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa
Posner, D. N. (2005) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808661 · Cited by 1,113 · see citing works
Economic Crisis and Political Regime Change: An Event History Analysis
Gasiorowski, M. J. (1995) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2082515 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Inequality and Regime Change: Democratic Transitions and the Stability of Democratic Rule
HAGGARD, S., & KAUFMAN, R. R. (2012) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055412000287 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
The Legacy of Western Overseas Colonialism on Democratic Survival
Bernhard, M., Reenock, C., & Nordstrom, T. (2004) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.0020-8833.2004.00298.x · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Divergent responses to a common past: Transitional justice in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Nedelsky, N. (2004) · Theory and Society · doi:10.1023/b:ryso.0000021428.22638.e2 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Spoerri, M., & Freyberg-Inan, A. (2008) · Journal of International Relations and Development · doi:10.1057/jird.2008.21 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Truth Commissions in Post-Communism: The Overlooked Solution?
Stan, L. (2009) · The Open Political Science Journal · doi:10.2174/1874949600902010001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Huntington (1991) believed that exit from communism was the primary determinant for a country’s desire to prosecute and punish former human rights perpetrators.”
BackgroundMethodMurphy, M. (2022) · Journal of Human Rights · doi:10.1080/14754835.2021.2013175 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Role of Law in Strengthening Democratic Governance
Rifa’i, I. J., & Abdullah, A. (2025) · Journal of Law and Social Politics · doi:10.46799/jlsp.v3i1.62
- Authors
- Pierre, A. J., & Huntington, S. P.
- Venue
- Foreign Affairs
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1992
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 190
- ISSN
- 0015-7120 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3191180320
- Cited by
- 1,766
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 109 · 2019: 182 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 85 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 87.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Foreign Affairs (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › International Relations and Foreign Policy
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Global History, Politics, and Ideology
- Keywords
- democratization, third wave, democratization theory, political regimes, regime change, late 20th century
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review