The DOI matches its Crossref record.
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
Abstract
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa is an ambitious masterwork of political economy, detailing the impact of slavery and colonialism on the history of international capitalism. In this classic book, Rodney makes the unflinching case that African “mal-development” is not a natural feature of geography, but a direct product of imperial extraction from the continent, a practice that continues up into the present. Meticulously researched, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa remains a relevant study for understanding the so-called “great divergence” between Africa and Europe, just as it remains a prescient resource for grasping the multiplication of global inequality today. In this new edition, Angela Davis offers a striking foreword to the book, exploring its lasting contributions to a revolutionary and feminist practice of anti-imperialism.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,701–1,800 of 2,519
A historical and dignity‐centred perspective on Haiti's struggle for justice
Aristide, M. (2006) · International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi- Inter- and Transdisciplinarity · doi:10.1080/18186870608529721
Filaba, M. (2008) · African Research Review · doi:10.4314/afrrev.v1i1.40986
The anthropology of modernity and the postmodernist anthropology of “development” discourse
Lennihan, L. D. (1996) · Reviews in Anthropology · doi:10.1080/00988157.1996.9978147
JONES*, F. S. (1985) · South African Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1813-6982.1985.tb01008.x
Ontwikkeling – die illusie van die twintigste eeu?
der Walt, B. J. V. (2004) · In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi · doi:10.4102/ids.v38i2.429
Orientation and interest in popularity of the works of Caribbean musicians
Regis, H. A. (1995) · Howard Journal of Communications · doi:10.1080/10646179509361662
Quality Teaching Is Judged by What We Teach, Not Just How Well
Sudarkasa, N. (1991) · Teaching Education · doi:10.1080/1047621910040103
Hinshelwood, E. (2001) · Psychoanalytic Studies · doi:10.1080/14608950124574
Problems and prospects of the social welfare systems of Sierra Leone and Nigeria
Jarrett, A. A. (1991) · International Social Work · doi:10.1177/002087289103400203
Combates na história atlântica: a historiografia de Joseph E. Inikori
Lopes, G. A. (2012) · História da Historiografia International Journal of Theory and History of Historiography · doi:10.15848/hh.v0i12.494
“A whey dem say fe demself?” African/Black people’s auto/biographies as pedagogical tools
Brown, Y. (2012) · Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry · doi:10.18733/c3w88x
O’Sullivan, M. C. (2004) · Irish Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/0332331040230104
Resistance to Women's Ethnic Narratives in Tanzania: Two Perspectives on Identity
Darlington, S. (2015) · African Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.21083/ajote.v4i1.3016
Emerging Religious Movements And Their Implications In African History And Heritage
Akubor, E. O. (2016) · European Scientific Journal ESJ · doi:10.19044/esj.2016.v12n2p365
How Did Britain Develop? Adaptive Social Systems and the Development of Nations
Myers, B. L. (2015) · Transformation An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies · doi:10.1177/0265378815595249
Crisis of Resources: In Underdeveloped Africa
Wilson, E. J. (1978) · The Black Scholar · doi:10.1080/00064246.1978.11413990
Africa's Rough Road: Problems of Development
Vilakazi, A. L. (1974) · Issue · doi:10.1017/s0047160700007484
Africa and France – historically and in these times
Ekwe‐Ekwe, H. (2015) · Pensar - Revista de Ciências Jurídicas · doi:10.5020/23172150.2012.807-822
Chulu, J. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2697841
Chima, N. S. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2373869
Pitfalls of Black Intellectuals
Anderson, S. E. (1973) · The Black Scholar · doi:10.1080/00064246.1973.11431368
Amubode, A. A., Kabirat, A. K., & Itunu, A. B. (2015) · Review of Arts and Humanities · doi:10.15640/rah.v4n2a9
Morrison un Beloved Adlı Eserinde Kölelik ve Annelik Çıkmazı
Göncüoğlu, M. Ö. (2013) · Mediterranean Journal of Humanities · doi:10.13114/mjh/20131658
Uwalaka Jude, N. (2014) · IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science · doi:10.9790/0837-19184154
Flight and Integration: Causes of Mass Exodus from Ethiopia and Problems of Integration in the Sudan
Keyser, J. C., & Bulcha, M. (1990) · African Studies Review · doi:10.2307/524652
A critical review of concepts in liberation theology: A recipe for nation building
Allison, C. S. (2016) · AFRREV IJAH An International Journal of Arts and Humanities · doi:10.4314/ijah.v5i2.7
Chulu, J. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2646864
Colonialism and the underdevelopment of Abuja Area of Nigeria
Unumen, J. O. (2016) · AFRREV IJAH An International Journal of Arts and Humanities · doi:10.4314/ijah.v5i2.5
Muwati, I., Tembo, C., & Mutasa, D. E. (2016) · South African Journal of African Languages · doi:10.1080/02572117.2016.1186897
Population, Urbanisation and Education
Webster, A. (1984) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-17667-0_5
Comparison, Conquest, and Globalization
Hart, J. L. (2011) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230339583_11
The Historiography of Modern Colonialism 1870–1945
Fieldhouse, D. K. (1983) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-18157-5_3
Introduction: the global biometric arena
Breckenridge, K. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139939546.002
Mayo, P. J. (2015) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6300-166-3_7
COMPLETE EDITION: THIRD WORLD / GLOBAL SOUTH
Visentini, P. F. (2016) · Austral Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations · doi:10.22456/2238-6912.63032
The State and the Caribbean Development Experience
Marshall, D. D. (1998) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230389861_3
Theoretical and Conceptual Foundations of Development Planning
Dibua, J. I. (2013) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137286659_2
The African Colonial and Postcolonial States
Muiu, M. W., & Martin, G. (2009) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230618312_4
Migration and Mining Strategies in a Colonial Society
Josiah, B. P. (2011) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230338012_3
Reflections on the State, Democracy and NGOs in Africa
Nyang’oro, J. E. (1994) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-23515-5_9
At the Mercy of Informal Learning: Education and Development in Stateless Somalia
Abdi, A. A. (2005) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781403977199_14
Subjectivity, psychology, and the imagination
Small, H. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521846257.025
Gabriel d’Arboussier: Democracy Is Not a Magnificently Adorned Hall
Grovogui, S. N. (2006) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-08396-8_5
Epilogue A Typical Battlefield: Understanding Negotiated Development
Ertsen, M. W. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-56818-2_9
African Diaspora Migrant Miners and Guyana’s El Dorado
Josiah, B. P. (2011) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230338012_2
‘The Empire is not white’: Indian Doctors in Kenya
Greenwood, A., & Topiwala, H. (2015) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137440532_1
Chapter 3 - Global Capital, Migrant Labour and the Nation-State
Wise, R. D., & Veltmeyer, H. (2016) · Practical Action Publishing, Fernwood Publishing eBooks · doi:10.3362/9781780449166.004
Breckenridge, K. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139939546.006
Themes and Analyses, 1965–1990
Manning, P. M. (2003) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781403973856_4
Colonialism and the Colonial Impact
Tordoff, W. (1984) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-17629-8_2
The rural scene: Victorian literature and the natural world
O’Gorman, F. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521846257.027
Education, Education, Education
Reddie, A. G. (2006) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230601093_5
Accessing the Archives: Sources, Subjects, and Subjugation in the African World
Konadu, K. (2011) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230119949_12
Making the Twain Meet: The New Imperialism of Telegraphy
Choudhury, D. K. L. (2010) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230289604_5
Economies of Conflict: Reflecting on the (Re)Production of ‘War Economies’
Turcotte, H. M. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-38273-3_32
The Genesis of the African Crisis: the Manifestation of a Political Will
Bongmba, E. K. (2006) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781403984586_3
“Kazi is the Blackest of All”: Pan-African Nationalism and the Making of the “New Man,” 1969–1975
Rickford, R. (2016) · The Journal of African American History · doi:10.5323/jafriamerhist.101.1-2.0097
Re-Centering Culture in Development Administration in Africa
Akinola, O., & Ogunbowale, M. O. (2016) · Advances in public policy and administration (APPA) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0629-4.ch004
A Matter of Unbound Leaders in the Lives of Africans
Wingo, A. H. (2016) · Theoria · doi:10.3167/th.2016.6314804
Requiem for In-Person Verbal/Nonverbal Communication
Langmia, K. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47584-4_5
Cyberculture, Cybersubculture, and Africa
Langmia, K. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47584-4_3
New Media New Cultural Dependence
Langmia, K. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47584-4_6
Can Natural Resource-Related Social and Economic Maladies Be Avoided in Africa?
Panford, K. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-54072-0_3
The Paradox of Africa’s Natural Resource Wealth
Panford, K. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-54072-0_2
Transnational Ethics, Justice and Anyiam-Osigwe’s Philosophy of the Family
Badru, R. O. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40796-8_6
Szydło, W. (2016) · Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu · doi:10.15611/pn.2016.453.09
Nigeria’s Quest For A Permanent Seat At The United Nations Security Council: An Appraisal.
Ononihu., S. C., & Oddih, M. C. (2017) · IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science · doi:10.9790/0837-2204012332
A New Paradigm for Sub-Saharan Africa’s Sustainable Education in the 21st Century
Kivunja, C. (2017) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6300-962-1_3
A Refutation to a Claimed Gabra Migo People’s “Somali Identity”
Hassen, A. H. (2017) · International Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20170502.11
Machiavellian Virtu - and Leadership: A Panacea for Nigerian Development.
Akani, E. C. (2017) · IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science · doi:10.9790/0837-2204083037
Western Gender Paradigm: Historicizing the Appropriation of African Women
Gandu, Y. K. (2011) · IBADAN JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES · doi:10.36108/ijss/1102.90.0210
It Comes Down to InstitutionsPreprint
Emozozo, R. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2945246
Examining the Normative and Institutional Framework Put in Place to Fight Corruption in NigeriaPreprint
Obolo, I. A. O. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2946301
Introduction: From Mau Mau Enemies to ‘Best Friends’
Cullen, P. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56276-6_1
da Silva, D. B. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316771501.012
Christian mission agencies and the question of slavery in German Cameroon, 1884-1916
Lang, M. K. (2017) · AFRREV IJAH An International Journal of Arts and Humanities · doi:10.4314/ijah.v6i3.1
Verhoef, G. (2017) · Studies in economic history · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62566-9_2
Business in Independent Africa
Verhoef, G. (2017) · Studies in economic history · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62566-9_5
Development, Underdevelopment and Poverty: A Linguistic Study of Joseph Edoki's The African Dream
Omo-Ojugo, G. (1970) · EJOTMAS Ekpoma Journal of Theatre and Media Arts · doi:10.4314/ejotmas.v6i1-2.22
Political Economy of the West and Africa under- Development Sydrome in the 21st Century
(2017) · International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education · doi:10.20431/2349-0381.0408001
Ogunkuade, I. M. (2017) · African Research Review · doi:10.4314/afrrev.v11i4.14
Human Development and Sustainability Nexus: A Third World Perspective
(2017) · International Journal of Political Science · doi:10.20431/2454-9452.0304001
Kalu, K. O. (2018) · English Linguistics Research · doi:10.5430/elr.v7n1p52
Alternative Language of Development and Economic Empowerment
Ndhlovu, F. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76135-0_6
Exploring the Dynamics of Race and Class: A Materialist Perspective
Gomes, R. C. (1984) · Humanity & Society · doi:10.1177/016059768400800102
Cage, T. (2006) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.905
Chołaszczyński, K. (2018) · Dialogi Polityczne · doi:10.12775/dp.2017.006
Dilley, A. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe249
The Free Trade Debate, Economic Recession and the Global South since 2000AD
Obiakor, N. J., & Agajelu, A. C. (1970) · UJAH Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities · doi:10.4314/ujah.v19i1.3
Political systems and underdevelopment in Africa (1957-2010)
Utin, I. B. (2018) · AFRREV IJAH An International Journal of Arts and Humanities · doi:10.4314/ijah.v7i2.2
Public sector Initiatives in Youth Entrepreneurial Development in Ghana - Issues Emerging
Amadu, I. A. (2018) · Archives of Business Research · doi:10.14738/abr.66.890
An Afro-Existential Approach to the Development of the Nigerian Society
Onah, O. O., Ezebuilo, H. C., & Ojiakor, C. (2018) · International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences · doi:10.22161/ijels.3.5.3
EUROPEAN NEO-COLONIALISM IN AFRICA
Oğurlu, E. (2018) · International Journal of Political Studies · doi:10.25272/j.2149-8539.2018.4.2.01
ASOUZU’S IBUANYIDANDA PHILOSOPHY, MIGRATION AND THE QUEST FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA.
a, S. (2018) · International Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.21474/ijar01/7572
Metadata
- Authors
- Gerhart, G. M., & Rodney, W.
- Venue
- Foreign Affairs
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1997
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 237
- ISSN
- 0015-7120 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4246066143
- Cited by
- 2,530
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 110 · 2024: 229 · 2023: 274 · 2022: 298 · 2021: 229 · 2020: 205 · 2019: 148 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 106 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 62
- FWCI
- 48.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Foreign Affairs (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › African history and culture studies
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › World Systems and Global Transformations
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Economy and Marxism
- Keywords
- European colonialism, underdevelopment, Africa, colonialism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review