The DOI matches its Crossref record.
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
Abstract
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa is an ambitious masterwork of political economy, detailing the impact of slavery and colonialism on the history of international capitalism. In this classic book, Rodney makes the unflinching case that African “mal-development” is not a natural feature of geography, but a direct product of imperial extraction from the continent, a practice that continues up into the present. Meticulously researched, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa remains a relevant study for understanding the so-called “great divergence” between Africa and Europe, just as it remains a prescient resource for grasping the multiplication of global inequality today. In this new edition, Angela Davis offers a striking foreword to the book, exploring its lasting contributions to a revolutionary and feminist practice of anti-imperialism.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,101–2,200 of 2,519
(2018) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822372981-013
Lópes, C. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01291-5_2
Lazarus, N. (2020) · African Identities · doi:10.1080/14725843.2020.1773246
(2009) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822390794-009
(2018) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822372981-010
African Slave Labour, the Atlantic Trading Area and the Industrial Revolution to 1850.
Bukar, D. S. (2014) · IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science · doi:10.9790/0837-19371420
Att studera Afrika. Vägar till källorna
(2014) · African Studies Companion Online · doi:10.1163/_afco_dum_r0001
Boukari-Yabara, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29901-9_337
Berberoglu, B. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470670590.wbeog398
Harney, S., & Thomas, H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561839.013
Boukari-Yabara, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91206-6_337-1
AFRICA AND THE IDEA OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY
Spies, Y. K. (2016) · Southern Journal for Contemporary History · doi:10.18820/0258-2422/jch.v41i1.3
Rigby, P. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-024-2068-5_232
Abdi, A. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-532-7_475-1
(2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822388913-012
The State and Politicization of Governance in Post 1990 Africa
(2016) · International Journal of Political Science · doi:10.20431/2454-9452.0202003
(2017) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-78743-357-120171010
Colonialism and the Colonial Impact
Tordoff, W. (1997) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-25789-8_2
Panford, K. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-54072-0_8
Ongaro, S. A. L. (2006) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669580608668596
Sources of Received Ideas about the Third World
Mittelman, J. H., & Pasha, M. K. (1997) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-25183-4_2
Gallagher, J. (2013) · Manchester University Press eBooks · doi:10.7765/9781847794222.00013
Human Rights, Postcolonialism, and Education
Abdi, A. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-532-7_183-2
Steady, F. C. (2009) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230622531_1
(2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822388838-021
THE DEVELOPING WORLD AND DEVELOPMENT ISSUES: INTERROGATING THE DEVELOPMENT TRAJECTORY OF MALAYSIA
Atani, E. L. (2018) · WILBERFORCE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES · doi:10.36108/wjss/8102.30.0130
Salem, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868969.008
Human Rights, Postcolonialism, and Education
Abdi, A. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-532-7_183-1
Gandhi, an Archivist of the Future
(2018) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478002000-011
Postcolonialism, Development, and Education
Kapoor, D. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-588-4_188
Abdi, A. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-588-4_475
(2018) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822372981-001
(2018) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478002000-016
Colonialism and the Colonial Impact
Tordoff, W. (1993) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-22342-8_2
Huber, M. (2020) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110681017-003
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0016
An End to Poverty in Rich Countries
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0002
Is Capitalism Not Good Enough?
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0001
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0011
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0006
Carter, K., & Chaufan, C. (2022) · International Journal of Health Services · doi:10.1177/00207314221100322
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0013
Would Democratic Socialism Be Better Than Social Democratic Capitalism?
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0017
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0007
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0005
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0003
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0015
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0010
Taswira ya Jamii ya Kisasa kwa Mujibu wa Riwaya Teule za Kisasa za Mwandishi K.W. Wamitila
Mutua, J. M. (2022) · International Journal of Linguistics · doi:10.47604/ijl.1538
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0014
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0004
More Public Goods and Services
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0008
Kenworthy, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636800.003.0012
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478022794-001
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478022794-005
Lumba, A. E. S. (2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478022794
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478022794-004
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478022794-006
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478022794-002
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478022794-003
Marx in the Colonies: The Case of India
Pierlot, T. (2022) · doi:10.22215/etd/2022-14998
China, Big Techs e o Fator Concorrencial em Jogo
Batista, A. R. F. (2022) · Pimenta Cultural eBooks · doi:10.31560/pimentacultural/2022.954.23-43
Peacebuilding–Development Nexus
McCandless, E. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77954-2_145
Kimugung, S., Wafula, M., & Simatei, P. (2021) · Eastern Africa Journal of Kiswahili · doi:10.51317/ecjkisw.v3i1.253
Algorithms and the End of Politics
Timcke, S. (2021) · Policy Press eBooks · doi:10.1332/policypress/9781529215311.001.0001
Colonial Basis of Anomie in African Youth: Implications for Political Governance
Olaiya, T. A. (2020) · International Journal of African and Asian Studies · doi:10.7176/jaas/64-05
Buller, A. (2022) · Manchester University Press eBooks · doi:10.7765/9781526166036.00013
APPRAISING EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON IJESA CULTURE IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA BEFORE 1990
OGUNNIYI, O. (2022) · Transcultural Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences/Transcultural Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.21608/tjhss.2022.266940
Chari, S. (2022) · Dialogues in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/20438206221074461a
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478023265-003
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478023265-005
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478023265-004
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478023265-001
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478023265-002
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478023265-009
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478023265-006
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478023265-007
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478023265-008
Articulating Critical Numeracy Toward Transformation: A Numeracy of Resistance
Das, A. (2019) · American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting (AERA) · doi:10.3102/1439118
Bergquist, N. (2021) · doi:10.17760/d20420739
Critical Teachings of Comparative and International Education
Abdi, A. A. (2022) · Encyclopedia of Teacher Education · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8679-5_327
Richardson, E. T. (2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478023135-013
Mtetwa, A. K. (2022) · Advances in Social Science and Culture · doi:10.22158/assc.v4n3p90
Application of Political Satire in Mission to Kala and Devil on The Cross
Mbewe, I. (2022) · Journal of Law and Social Sciences · doi:10.53974/unza.jlss.5.1.793
Chellan, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197608494.013.34
Under Development and Dependency: The Case of Nigeria
Tandu, E. O., Eneh, N. T., & Zanna, B. G. (2022) · International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology · doi:10.47001/irjiet/2022.609008
Nyahoda, P. (1991) · African Research & Documentation · doi:10.1017/s0305862x00013352
Nyahoda, P. (1992) · African Research & Documentation · doi:10.1017/s0305862x00013236
Teaching African History in London Secondary Schools
Singh, J. P. (1982) · African Research & Documentation · doi:10.1017/s0305862x00012139
THE SOCIAL CONTRUCTION OF HOMOPHOBIA IN SENEGAL
von Siandje, B. B. (2022) · doi:10.33540/1374
Media, Journalists, and Ideologies in Independent Africa
Frère, M.-S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99399-3_2
Warren, I., & Ryan, E. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197608494.013.38
Jacob, F. (2022) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110745672-005
Goodfellow, T. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198853107.003.0003
Goodfellow, T. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198853107.003.0004
East Africa and the politics of late urbanization
Goodfellow, T. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198853107.003.0001
The politics of noise and silence
Goodfellow, T. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198853107.003.0008
Metadata
- Authors
- Gerhart, G. M., & Rodney, W.
- Venue
- Foreign Affairs
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1997
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 237
- ISSN
- 0015-7120 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4246066143
- Cited by
- 2,530
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 110 · 2024: 229 · 2023: 274 · 2022: 298 · 2021: 229 · 2020: 205 · 2019: 148 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 106 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 62
- FWCI
- 48.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Foreign Affairs (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › African history and culture studies
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › World Systems and Global Transformations
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Economy and Marxism
- Keywords
- European colonialism, underdevelopment, Africa, colonialism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
