The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Migration, Segregation, and the Geographic Concentration of Poverty
Abstract
We analyze patterns of African-American mobility and white mobility in U.S. cities to determine the causes of geographically concentrated poverty. Using a special tabulation of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics that appends U.S. Census tract data to individual records we analyze the movement of poor and nonpoor people into and out of five types of neighborhoods: white nonpoor black nonpoor black poor black very poor and racially and socioeconomically mixed neighborhoods. We find little support for the view that the geographic concentration of black poverty is caused by the out-migration of nonpoor blacks or that it stems from the net movement of blacks into poverty. Rather our results suggest that the geographic concentration of poor blacks is caused by the residential segregation of African-Americans in urban housing markets. (EXCERPT)
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Less drinking, yet more problems: understanding African American drinking and related problems
Zapolski, T. C. B., Pedersen, S. L., McCarthy, D. M., & Smith, G. T. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0032113 · Cited by 366
Flippen, C. (2004) · Social Forces · doi:10.1353/sof.2004.0069 · Cited by 239
Spatial Segmentation and the Black Middle Class
Sharkey, P. (2014) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/674561 · Cited by 101
Intervening in the residential mobility process: Neighborhood outcomes for low-income populations
Clark, W. A. V. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0507308102 · Cited by 73
Falk, W. W., Hunt, L. L., & Hunt, M. O. (2004) · Rural Sociology · doi:10.1526/0036011042722831 · Cited by 58
Metadata
- Authors
- Massey, D. S., Gross, A. B., & Shibuya, K.
- Venue
- American Sociological Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1994-06
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 425
- ISSN
- 0003-1224 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1970222955
- Cited by
- 491
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 34.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Migration, Segregation, and the Geographic Concentration of Poverty. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2095942
- The paper
- Massey, D. S., Gross, A. B., & Shibuya, K. (1994). Migration, Segregation, and the Geographic Concentration of Poverty. American Sociological Review. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095942
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
